Grammar Unit 48 Reported speech Agenda n Learning

Grammar – Unit 48 Reported speech

Agenda n Learning Objectives n Example Set A - It is not always necessary to change the verb in reported speech. n Example Set B - You need what was said and what is really true n Example Set C - difference between say and tell n Example Set D - Tell/ask somebody to do something Reported speech 2

Agenda Ø Learning Objectives n Example Set A - It is not always necessary to change the verb in reported speech. n Example Set B - You need what was said and what is really true n Example Set C - difference between say and tell n Example Set D - Tell/ask somebody to do something Reported speech 3

Learning Objectives n It is not always necessary to change the verb in reported speech. n You can also change the verb to the past but if you are reporting a finished situation you must use a past verb. n You have to use a past form when there is a difference between what is said and what is really true. n Difference between say and tell. n Tell/ask somebody to do something. Reported speech 4

Agenda ü Learning Objectives Ø Example Set A - It is not always necessary to change the verb in reported speech. n Example Set B - You need what was said and what is really true n Example Set C - difference between say and tell n Example Set D - Tell/ask somebody to do something Reported speech 5

Example Set A It is not always necessary to change the verb in reported speech. If you report something and the situation hasn’t changed, you do not need to change the verb to the past: n direct Paul said, ‘My new job is very interesting. reported Paul said that his new job is very interesting. (The situation hasn’t changed. His job is still interesting. ) n direct reported Helen said, ‘ I want to go to New York next year. ’ Helen told me that she wants to go to New York next year. (Helen still wants to go to New York next year. ) Reported speech 6

Continue… You can also change the verb to the past: q Paul said that his new job was very interesting. q Helen told me that she wanted to go to New York next year But if you are reporting a finished situation, you must use a past verb: n Paul left the room suddenly. , He said he had to go. (not has to go) Reported speech 7

Agenda ü Learning Objectives ü Example Set A - It is not always necessary to change the verb in reported speech. Ø Example Set B - You need what was said and what is really true n Example Set C - difference between say and tell n Example Set D - Tell/ask somebody to do something Reported speech 8

Example Set B You need what was said and what is really true n You need to use a past form when there is a difference between what was said and what is really true. For example: You met Sonia a few days ago. She said: “Joe is in hospital. ’ (direct speech) Later that day you met Joe in the street. You say: ‘I didn’t expect to see you, Joe. Sonia said you were in hospital. ’ (not ‘Sonia said you are in hospital’, because clearly he is not) Reported speech 9

Agenda ü Learning Objectives ü Example Set A - It is not always necessary to change the verb in reported speech. ü Example Set B - You need what was said and what is really true Ø Example Set C - difference between say and tell n Example Set D - Tell/ask somebody to do something Reported speech 10

Example Set C - difference between say and tell Say and tell If you say who somebody is talking to, use tell: ¨ Sonia told me that you were in hospital. (not Sonia said me) ¨ What did you tell the police? (not say the police) Otherwise use say: ¨ Sonia said that you were in hospital. (not Sonia told that…) ¨ What did you say? Reported speech 11

Continue But you can ‘say something to somebody’: q Ann said goodbye to me and left (not Ann said me goodbye) q What did you say to the police? Reported speech 12

Agenda ü Learning Objectives ü Example Set A - It is not always necessary to change the verb in reported speech. ü Example Set B - You need what was said and what is really true ü Example Set C - difference between say and tell Ø Example Set D - Tell/ask somebody to do something Reported speech 13

Example Set D - Tell/ask somebody to do something We also use the infinitive (to do/to say etc. ) in reported speech, especially with tell and ask (for orders and requests): ¨ direct ‘Stay in bed for a few days, ’ the doctor said to me. ¨ reported The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few days. direct ¨ reported ¨ ‘Don’t shout’, I said to Jim. I told Jim not to shout. Reported speech 14

Continue… ¨ direct ‘Please don’t tell anybody what happened, ’ Jackie said to me. ¨ reported Jackie asked me not to tell anybody what (had) happened. You can also say ‘Somebody said (not) to do something’: ¨ Jackie said not to tell anyone. (but not Jackie said me) Reported speech 15

Summary ü Learning Objectives ü Example Set A - It is not always necessary to change the verb in reported speech. ü Example Set B - You need what was said and what is really true ü Example Set C - difference between say and tell ü Example Set D - Tell/ask somebody to do something Reported speech 16