Grammar the Subjunctive Mood Eg We met in

Grammar —the Subjunctive Mood 虚 拟 语 气

Eg : We met in this room. 陈述语气 Do come to the meeting next Friday. 祈使语气 If I were you , I would study hard. 虚拟语气

现在事实相反 If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car. I would buy a villa. I would travel around the world.

过去事实相反 had If I ______time last night, have gone to see the film with you I would _______ If he____ had driven more carefully, he would not have had _______ the car accident

got ______ If you 将来时相反 Were to get a full mark next ______ would hold time, I ____ a party for you. should get ______ Mark: 100

If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug. 现在事实相反 If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made a mistake. 与过去事实相反 If it rained tomorrow, they wouldn’t go for an outing. 与将来事实相反

PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks. would take(take) were (be) here, they _____ a. If they ______ your advice. broke b. If the world-war ______ (break) out would happen (happen) to our again, what ________ people on earth? were not c. If the policeman _______ (be not) in that could be room now, it ________ (be) very dangerous. were (be) in your position, I d. If I _____________(ask) for teacher’s help. would ask

PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks e. If Tom had been __ (be) more careful in the have passed exam, he would _____ __ (pass) it already. f. If you had got (get) up earlier, caught you would have _______ __ (catch) the first train. met g. If I had____ (meet) you yesterday, we would have_______ gone ____ (go) to the concert together.

PRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanks a. If there should be (be) no natural would make resource any more, we ______ (make) use of nuclear power. b. What would ___happen should get up (happen) if you _______(get up) too late tomorrow?

注意 1. 省略 if 的条件从句 当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ， 而把它们放在句首, 再将句子的主语和谓语动词实 行全部倒装或部分倒装。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow, … If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment… • Had he worked harder, he would have passed the final examinations.

2 由介词或介词短语暗示的虚拟结构 常见的介词或介词短语有without(没有) , but for(要不是) Eg : Without electricity , human life would be quite difficult today. = If there were no electricity , Without his advice , I couldn’t have done it all by myself. = If it hadn’t been for his advice ,

But for your help , I wouldn’t have succeeded in doing this experiment. = If it hadn’t been for your help , But for the meeting , I would have gone to your party last Saturday. = If it hadn’t been for the meeting ,

1. Without sunlight , or water or air , there ___ no life on the earth. A will have B would be C should be D must be 2 But for the snow , we ___ earlier. A will arrive B should have arrived C arrive D arrived

二、虚拟语气用于宾语从句中 过去时（were） 现在： 1. Wish 过去：过去完成时 2. 的宾 语从 未来： would/could/might+V. 1. 句 I wish I were a bird 2. I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake 3. We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us.

用于宾语从句 I wish 从句结构 Example 与现在事实相反 一般过去式 I wish it were autumn now. 与过去事实相反 过去完成式 与将来事实相反 would+V. 原形 He wishes(wished) he had not lost the chance. I wish you would come soon.

I wish I were as tall as you. I wish I became as famous as Yao Ming. I wish I were a bird. I wish I could fly like a bird. I wish every day were my birthday.

He wish he hadn’t eaten so much watermelon. I wish the lunch time would come soon. I wish it would rain tomorrow.

1. Practice 2. 1 He is not a pilot, but he wishes he______ (be). 3. 2. I wish I ______(meet) him yesterday. 4. 3. I wish it _____(be) fine tomorrow. 4. A: You have made some mistakes. B: I wish I ____mistakes every day. A. don’t make B. B. haven’t made C. C. wouldn’t have made D. D. didn’t make

2. I wish they ___ in this ball game. A would be succeeded B would be successful C had been success D had been successful 3. He wished he ___ more about the subject , so he could talk about it. A had known B knew C would know D knows 4. How I wish I ___ a doctor , and ___ the dying girl. A am , can save B was , saved C were , could save D will be , will save

5. ---What shall we do next ? --I wish that Bill ___ here. If he ___ here , he would tell us what to do. A has been , has been B would be , would be C were , were D is , is 6. How I wish every family ___ a large house with a beautiful garden ! A has B had C will have D had 7. How I wish that I ___ the moon sometime in the future. A had visited B would visit C visited D will visit

2. 在表示建议，要求，命令的词 “suggest, demand, order, propose, insist, comman d, request, desire” 后的宾语从句中： “(should) +动词原形” e. g. I suggest that we (should) set off at once. I demanded that he (should) answer me immediately. (一个坚持insist ，两个命令order, command ，三个建议advise, suggest, propose四个要求demand , require, request, desire) 注：以上动词的名词形式用于同位语从句中， 从句中的动词也是用“(should) + 动词原形”

Practice : 1. I advised that the sick child ___ a hospital as soon as possible. 2. A should sent to B should be sent 3. C be sent to D must be sent to 4. 2 The workers in the factory demanded that their pay ___ be 20 percent. 5. A be raised B would be raised 6. C raised D raise

3 The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ___ the rules. A obeys B obey C will obey D would obey 4. Jane’s pale face suggested that he ___ ill , and her parents suggested that she ___ a medical examination. A be , should have B was , have C should be , had D was , has 5. --- Do you know where he comes from ? ---No , but his accent suggests that he ___ from the south. A was B should be C is D were

注意： suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时， insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气 Eg : The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.

Eg : My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others. We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put 考题点击： off. 1. His suggestion that you _____ once more sounds reasonable. A. try C. must try B. tries D. can try

• We are in favor of your proposal that the meeting ______. • A. should be put off B. was put off • C. should put off D. is to put off • His recommendation was that an experienced sales manager _____ to the branch company in Shanghai to take charge of the marketing there. • A. was sent B. send • C. be sent D. would be sent

3. Would rather that 宁愿－－－－ 现在： 过去时 过去： 过去完成时 未来： 过去时 I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too. Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow. would prefer , 表示一种希望和委婉的责备。 Eg : I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long next week. 我宁愿下周他不要在这待的太久。

四. 用于主语从句中 1. It is necessary／important／ strange／natural impossible / surprising + that 从句。 从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原 形，should 可以省略。

Eg : It is necessary that you (should) clean the room after work. It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It is strange that she （should ） refuse to come to the party.

2. It is suggested／desired / ordered / requested / proposed / demanded that从句… 从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原 形，should 可以省略

Eg : It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. It is ordered that the work (should) be done at once.

3. It is a pity／a shame／no wonder + that 从句 从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原 形，should 可以省略省略 eg : It is a pity that he should be so careless. 真可惜他竟然如此粗心．

考题点击： 1. Is it necessary that he _____ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must take D. take 2. It is strange that he _____ you this. A. would tell C. had told B. should tell D. has told

五、虚拟语气在其他从句中 过去时 1. It is (high / about ) time that… 2. “到做----的时间了. ” 3. 注意: should不能省略． should +V原. 我们该去睡觉了。 It’s time that we went to bed. It’s time that we should go to bed.

2. If only 引导的感叹句 “要是．．．该有多好啊” 用法与wish 相同 Eg : If only I knew the answer! If only I had seen the film yesterday!

1) as if /as though连接表语从句 He talks as if he knew where she was. He looked as if he hadn’t slept for two days. 2) as if / as though连接状语从 句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son. He speaks to us as if he had been there.

4. 在In case, for fear that 和lest “万一；惟恐; 以免” 引导的状语 从句中，谓语动词多用 should+动词原形 should 可省略 Eg : I daren’t tell you what he did for fear that he should be angry with. In case I should fail, I would try again. I will not read aloud the book lest I should disturb you.

5. 在带有even if/ even though “即使” 引导的让步状语从句中, 动词形式与含有非真实的 条件句的虚拟语气相同. were Eg. Even if Lin Tao _______(be) here, I should say the same thing. had been Even though he ______(be) ill, he would have gone to his office.

2 错综条件虚拟语气 条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的 谓语动词不一致, 谓语动词形式应做适当调整。 If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you would know what to do now.