GRAMMAR SHOT COORDINATION AND SUBORDINATION CLAUSES DEFINITION INDEPENDENT

GRAMMAR SHOT COORDINATION AND SUBORDINATION

CLAUSES § § DEFINITION INDEPENDENT SUBORDINATE

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS § CAUSE OR EFFECT – AS, BECAUSE, IN ORDER THAT, SINCE, SO THAT § CONCESSION – ALTHOUGH, AS IF, EVEN THOUGH, THOUGH

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS § CONDITION – EVEN IF, IF ONLY, PROVIDED, SINCE, UNLESS, WHENEVER, WHETHER § COMPARISON OR CONTRAST – AS, AS IF, AS THOUGH, RATHER THAN, WHEREAS, WHETHER, WHILE

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS § PURPOSE – – – IN ORDER THAT SO THAT § SPACE OR TIME – AFTER, AS LONG AS, BEFORE, NOW THAT, ONCE, SINCE, TILL, UNTIL, WHENEVER, WHEREVER, WHILE

RELATIVE PRONOUNS § § § WHICH THAT WHATEVER WHO (WHOSE, WHOM) WHOEVER (WHOMEVER)

FUNCTION § ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS, NOUNS § ADJECTIVE CLAUSES – RELATIVE PRONOUNS; PRONOUN IS SUBJECT OR OBJECT OF THE CLAUSE IT BEGINS § ADVERB CLAUSES – TELL HOW, WHY, WHEN, WHERE, UNDER WHAT CONDITIONS, OR WITH WHAT RESULT; BEGIN WITH SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS § NOUN CLAUSES – SUBJECTS, OBJECTS, COMPLEMENTS; THAT, WHATEVER, WHOM, WHOMEVER, WHEN, WHERE, WHETHER, WHY, HOW

ELLIPTICAL CLAUSES § SUBORDINATE CLAUSE THAT IS GRAMMATICALLY INCOMPLETE BUT CLEAR IN MEANING § MOST OFTEN THAT OR WHICH OR WHOM OR PREDICATE FOR THE SECOND PART OF A COMPARISON

PUNCTUATING SUBORDINATE CLAUSES § IF SERVING AS ADVERB ALMOST ALWAYS SET OFF WITH COMMA WHEN INTRODUCING A SENTENCE § MODIFIER THAT INTERRUPTS OR CONCLUDES NO COMMA IF ESSENTIAL § MODIFIER THAT INTERRUPTS OR CONCLUDES COMMA IF NOT ESSENTIAL