Grammar Direct and Indirect Speech Grammar Direct and

Grammar Direct and Indirect Speech 直接引语和间接引语

Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech (1) 1. 转述他人的陈述→陈述句 2. 转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句 3. 转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句 1) He said , “I’m going to Beijing. ” → He said that he was going to Beijing. 2) He asked, “Are you a teacher? ” → He asked me if /whether I was a teacher. 3) She said , “What are you doing? ” → She asked me what I was doing.

直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化 陈述句 用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语 动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替, 注意， 可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that， 不可直接说told that • He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” • He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. • He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday. ” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.

陈述句解题步骤: “I don’t like computers, ” Sarah said to her friends that ( I don’t like computers. ) she didn’t Sarah said to her friends that she didn’t like computers.

一般疑问句 • 间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中 谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语 序是陈述句的语序 • He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation? ” • He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. • He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you? ” • He asked whether I was interested in English.

一般疑问句解题步骤: Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? ( They asked him ) It is easy to improve the condition of the soil. They asked him asked if (it is easy to improve the condition of the soil. ) is was They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.

特殊疑问句 • 原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主 句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，语序改 为陈述句语序 • He said to me，“What's your name? ” • He asked me what my name was. • He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country? ” • He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.

3. 特殊疑问句解题步骤： When do you harvest the wheat ? ( They asked him ) you harvest the wheat They asked him When (you harvest the wheat. ) he harvested They asked him when he harvested the wheat.

选择疑问句 • 用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也 不用either…or… • He asked, “Do you speak English or French? ” • He asked me whether I spoke English or French.

He said he… plays football played football is playing was playing has played had played will play would play had played

o t d e e n t ’ n : o n d o e i t w n e h t c t i a h w n i s e. s h a c c e e e p m s o t s c e e r r i a d n i There e s n e t e h t e g n a ch When direct speech is about: a) a truth 真理 b) a timetable 时间表 c) a saying/proverb/quotation 格言/引用语 d) An adverbial indicating the past 过去的时间 状语

Try to change direct speech into indirect speech : 1. He said, “the earth goes around the sun. ” He said that the earth goes around the sun. 2. He said, “The train leaves at 7: 30 p. m. ” He said that the train leaves at 7: 30 p. m. 3. He said, “Rome isn’t built in a day. ” He said that Rome isn’t built in a day. 4. Tom said, “I was born in July, 1978. ” Tom said he was born in July, 1978.

直接引语 指示代词 时 间 状 语 地点状语 方向性动词 间接引语 this, these that, those now, today then, that day this week yesterday that week the day before last week the week before four days ago four days before the day before yesterday tomorrow next month the next day the next month here two days before come, Bring, borrow go, take, lend

直接引语中的助动词 间接引语中的助动词 shall should Should（不变） will would Would（不变） may might Might（不变） can could Could（不变） must Must/had to

Exercises: 1. He said , “I m afraid I can’t finish this work. ” He said that he was afraid he couldn’t finish that work. 2. He said , “I haven’t heard from him since May. ” He said that he hadn’t heard from him since May. 3. Tom said “I will see you next week. ” Tom said that he would see me the next week.

4. “Why were you late again? ” The teacher said to me. The teacher asked me why I was late again. 5. “Have you been to Paris? ” My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris. asked me. His friends asked him, “Will you go to Dalian? ” 6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.

Try to do SB P. 5 Ex. 2 Change the sentences either into direct speech or indirect speech: 1. Anne said that she didn’t know the address of her new home. 2. Anne told her father that she had got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows. 3. The girl said that she needed to pack up her things in the suitcase very quickly.

4. Her father asked her why she had chosen her diary and old letters. 5. “Are you very hot with so many clothes on? ” Mother asked/said to her. 6. “What else have you hidden under your overcoat? ” Margot asked her. 7. “ When shall we go back home? ” Anne asked her father. 8. “ Why did you talk so much to that boy? ” Father asked Anne.

Goodbye!