Grammar Boot Camp Building Muscle Phrases and Clauses
Grammar Boot Camp Building Muscle: Phrases and Clauses (click mouse to proceed)
Your Mission: To Study Phrases n To Study Clauses n To Exercise your Writing Muscles n This presentation is enhanced with “Question and Answer” slides. To access, simply click on the words that are highlighted and underlined.
What is a Phrase? n A phrase is a group of related words that does not contain a subject and a verb. n Common Phrases: n Prepositional Phrases n Infinitive Phrases n Participial Phrases n Gerund Phrases
Prepositional Phrase n Begins with a preposition (in, on, under, over, around, of, about, through, etc. ) n Followed by an object and any modifiers n Functions as an adjective or adverb
Examples of Prepositional Phrase 1. The cadets marched through the woods. n n n “through” is the preposition “the” is the modifier for the object “woods” functions as an adverb 2. Everyone in the class wrote an essay. n “in” is the preposition n “the” is the modifier for the object “class” n functions as an adjective
Infinitive Phrase n Begins with an infinitive: “to” + verb n Followed by an object and any modifiers n Functions as a noun, adjective or adverb
Examples of Infinitive Phrase 1. To exercise every day is a good habit. “to exercise” is the infinitive n “every” is the modifier for the object “day” n Functions as a noun n 2. I was relieved to finish my project. “to finish” is the infinitive n “my” is the modifier for the object “project” n Functions as an adjective n
Participial Phrase n Begins with a participle: verb ending in “- ed, ” “-en, ” or “-ing” n Followed by an object and any modifiers n Functions as an adjective
Examples of Participial Phrase 1. The marine biologist, diving near a reef, saw a shark. “diving” is the participle “near a” are the modifiers for the object “reef” Functions as an adjective 2. Known for her patience, Mrs. Garcia was his favorite teacher. n n n “known” is the participle “for her” are the modifiers for the object “patience” Functions as an adjective
Gerund Phrase n Begins with a gerund: verb ending in “-ing” n Followed by object and any modifiers n Functions as a noun
Examples of Gerund Phrase 1. Marching in unison builds teamwork. “marching” is the gerund “in” is the modifier for the object “unison” Functions as a noun 2. The student enjoys taking morning classes. n n n “taking” is the gerund “morning” is the modifier for the object “classes” Functions as a noun
What is a Clause? n A clause is a group of related words that contains both a subject and a verb. n Two Types of Clauses: Independent Clause n Dependent Clause n
Independent Clause n Contains a subject and a verb n Makes a complete statement n Can stand alone
Examples of Independent Clause 1. Chandler High is the best school in the state. n n n “Chandler High” is the subject “is” is the verb “the best school in the state” completes the thought 2. Grammar instruction makes me a better writer. n n n “Grammar instruction” is the subject “makes” is the verb “me a better writer” completes the thought
Dependent Clause n n Contains a subject and a verb Does not make a complete statement Cannot Stand Alone Begins with a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun: after although as because before if since until when subordinating conjunctions whom that which whose relative pronouns
Examples of Dependent Clause 1. Because the student prepared for the exam, she answered all of the questions correctly. n n “because” is the subordinating conjunction “the student” is the subject “prepared” is the verb “for the exam” completes the dependent clause 2. The uniform that I am required to wear is green and brown. n n “that” is the relative pronoun “I” is the subject “am” is the verb “required to wear” completes the dependent clause
Exercise Your Muscles: Phrases Identify the type of phrase in the following: 1. Being an excellent cook, Ryan hosted a dinner party. 2. To be elected president is his objective. 3. The puppy chased the kitten around the house. 4. Hoisting the sail correctly is a critical component of yachting.
Answer Key: Identify the type of phrase in the following: 1. Being an excellent cook, Ryan hosted a dinner party. Participial Phrase 2. To be elected president is his objective. Infinitive Phrase 3. The puppy chased the kitten around the house. Prepositional Phrase 4. Hoisting the sail correctly is a critical component of yachting. Gerund Phrase
Exercise Your Muscles: Clauses Identify the type of clause in the following: 1. I walk my dog every day. 2. Because he is a teacher. 3. As the soccer player scored the winning goal. 4. Zeke hit his thumb with a hammer.
Answer Key: Identify the type of clause in the following: 1. I walk my dog every day. Independent 2. Because he is a teacher. Dependent 3. As the soccer player scored the winning goal. Dependent 4. Zeke hit his thumb with a hammer. Independent
Congratulations! You have successfully completed Building Muscle: Phrases and Clauses of Grammar Boot Camp. Sign up for the other sessions of Grammar Boot Camp at the Stone Writing Center’s Website: http: //www. delmar. edu/engl/wrtctr.
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