Grammar Basics Noun person place thing idea Concrete

Grammar Basics

• Noun: person, place, thing, idea • Concrete: table, painting, water, pencil • Abstract: loneliness, hope, freedom, talent • Common: city, team, high school • Proper: Vista, Chargers, Trade Tech High School • Pronoun: replaces a noun • he, she, they, we, him, her, them, us, • Possessive pronouns: his, hers, ours, theirs, • Verb: shows action or state of being • Action verbs: run, talk, think, believe • Linking verbs: is, are, appear, believe (link the subject to the predicate) • Auxiliary (helping) verbs: might, would, have, could, Parts of Speech Review

• Adjective: describes (modifies) a noun • tall, lonely, happy, forgetful, neglected, forgotten • Adverb: describes (modifies) a verb (explains how something is done), adjective (adds to description), or other adverb (adds to description) • happily, quickly, neatly, very (fast), quite (slowly) • Preposition: shows a relationship between a noun/pronoun and another noun/pronoun • over, under, on, behind, beside • “The towel was on the floor. ” Parts of Speech

• Conjunction: links words, phrases, or clauses • FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so • Subordinate: links dependent and independent clauses • although, because, before, however, unless, even though • Interjection: adds emotion to a sentence • Wow! Ouch, Hey! (often followed by exclamation point) Parts of Speech

Sentence Structure

• A sentence expresses a complete thought • Also referred to as an independent clause • It consists of: • A subject (what/whom the sentence is about; a noun and any words describing it) • A predicate (tells something about the subject; includes the verb and other related information) Sentence Structure

1. Underline the subject. [Bracket the predicate. ]) Label the parts of speech. 1. Tom quickly ran to the store. 2. Sophia was unhappy about losing the game 3. Jennifer walked faster to keep up with her brother. 4. Some teachers absolutely refuse to accept late work. 5. He laughed hysterically at the joke.

When two independent clauses (complete thoughts) are fused (joined) without any punctuation. 1) Ex: I love going to Disneyland I have ever since I was a kid. • Fix: I love going to Disneyland. I have ever since I was a kid. 2) Ex: I don’t like Brussels sprouts I do like asparagus. • Fix: I don’t like Brussels sprouts, but I do like asparagus. Fused Sentences

1) We should get moving there’s no time to waste. 2) You can’t go today you can go tomorrow. 3) You’re wasting your time you should start your homework. 4) He was tired of fighting he didn’t know how to stop it. Correct the following fused sentences.

When two independent clauses (complete thoughts) are spliced together with a comma and without the necessary conjunction (joining words: and/but/or/so…) 1) Ex: His assignment was late, his grade was lowered. • Fix: His assignment was late, so his grade was lowered. 2) I’ll be home in two hours, please clean your room. • Fix: I’ll be home in two hours. Please clean your room. Comma Splices

1) The wind blew the table over, the backyard was a mess. 2) After school I went home, I played video games for the rest of the day. 3) I want to go to the movies, I have too much homework. 4) I think she’s really mad, you should talk to her. Correct the following comma splices.

it’s= it is/it has its= possessive (belongs to) to= in the direction of too= in addition to; in excess of who’s= who is/who has whose= possessive (belongs to) you’re= you are your = possessive (belongs to) they’re =they are their = (possessive) belongs to there = location or state of being Apostrophes and Word Usage

• Write a sentence showing the correct usage of each word. There 1. 2. They’re = ______ 1. Their 1. Word Usage

• Write a sentence showing the correct usage of each word. Your 1. You’re = _______ 1. Word Usage

Correct the following sentences. Write only the corrected sentence on your paper. 1. There going to regret missing class today we watched a cool video. 2. I love guessing who’s at the door I have no idea why. 3. Your crazy if you think I’m going out their its freezing today. Quick Quiz