Grammar and Usage 12 amazing amazed 34 encourageed

Grammar and Usage

1~2 amazing / amazed 3~4 encourageed/ discouraged 5~6 known as/known for 7~8 thanks to/thanks for 9~10 certain/sure amzing person I have ever met as he 1. He is the most _______ 2. always makes you happy. 3. 2. He is greatly _______ by the funny story. amazed disccoraged 4. 3. Strong-minded person won’t be _____ even when they fail in doing something, encouraged 5. 4. Children should be ______ to speak a new language though they make some mistakes. known as the heaven on the 6. 5. Suzhou and Hangzhou are ____ earth. known for 7. 6. This small town is _____ its hot spring, and many Thankscome to here even in cold winter. visitors 8. 7. _____ the work of the scientists, we now know a lot thanks abut the outerfor space. 9. 8. Many ______ your kind help, but I can manage the case myself. sure/certain 10. 9. In order to be _______ of the answer, I went up to certain ask myself. 11. 10. It is ______ that the world population won’t

What did you do yesterday? I enjoy shopping in the supermarket. Yesterday evening, I went _______ （go） shopping near my home. I was ______(be) busy all daywas long. So it _____ (be)a good chance for me to relax myself. were (be)many people in There ____ the supermarket. Since I _____(have) had enough time, I ______(feel) at ease. I felt _____(walk) here and there to walked see whethere _____(be) was filled (fill) my something I need. I _______ basket with all the goods I chose.

What did you do yesterday? I _____(take) all my things with me. took decided (decide) to go home by I _____ taxi. At the moment, a guide(保安 )_____(stop) stopped me and _____(tell) me that I _______(not pay). I felt told very that I _____(forget) it. I did sorry not pay forgot said I ____(think) I _____(do) it thought had before I came out of thedone door.

Structure Had done/had been done The past perfect tense is often used with the simple past tense. If one action happens before another in the past, the past perfect tense is used. >----|-----|---present past The past perfect tense shows us 过去的过去

What is The past perfect tense Compare the simple past and The past perfect tense Past Present Carter’s lucky pet bird led Carter to the site Carter’s lucky pet bird was eaten by a snake. • Upon entering the tomb, Carter’s lucky pet bird , which had led him to the place, was eaten by a snake.

More examples had taught • By the end of last year, I _______for 15 years. • When I came back home, my already finished favourite TV program had _____. • He was not worried at all. He had already made ______ preparations.

The past perfect tense used in indirect speech Past Present They emptied the tomb of everything it contained Carter said that they had emptied the tomb “We emptied the tomb of everything it contained, ” said Carter said that they had emptied the tomb of everything it contained

Here the past action didn’t happen a long time ago. • I had done my homework this morning before I went to the museum.

used with time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as, until, by, for and already Past Present Carter opened King Tutankhamun’s tomb Lord Carnarvon died Then a few months after Carter had opened the tomb, Lord Carnarvon fell ill with a fever and died.

• 1 I could recognize the man at once , because I had seen him before. • 2 By the end of last year, I had worked here for five years. • 3 She did not go to bed until her son had finished his homework. • 4 When he had played a few times, more and more people came to hear him sing.

二、 1. 主语＋had＋hardly(scarcely)＋过去分词＋when(before) ＋主语＋一般过去时。 　　2. 主语＋had＋no sooner＋过去分词＋than＋主语＋一般过 去时。例如： 　　①They had no sooner got home than it began to rain. 他们一 到家，天就下起雨来。 　　②______ got into the room，______ the telephone rang. 他 一到家，电话就响了。 　　A. He hardly had；then B. Hardly had he；when C. He had not；that D. Not had he；when 　　 解析： 正确答案为B。当否定词hardly，scarcely，no sooner放在句首时，主谓要倒装。

五、 It was＋时间＋since＋主语＋过去完成时。 It was the first time+主语＋过去完成时。 例如： 　　They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I ______ a good drink. 他们邀 请我和他们喝酒，我说，我已经至少十年没有好好喝过 了。 　　A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying 　　 正确答案为A。 • It was the first time he had come to China.

A Complete the story of Amelia Earhart • • (1)had seen (3)had taken (5) had met (7)had started (2)moved (4)had become (6)had begun (8)had gone

B Complete the story of Amelia Earhart • • • (1)surprised (2)was built (3)spent (4)was finished (5) had wanted (6)had received (7)had arrived (8)had hit (9)survived (10)had searched （11）used（12） had caused

Question • How do you know you will use the past tense or the past perfect tense?

Present perfect or past perfect? • The present perfect tense is used when we are talking about a past event which relates to the present time. • Howard Carter is one of the most famous explorers the world has ever known. • The past perfect tense is used when we are discussing the past and want to talk about an even earlier event. • Not long after the tomb had been opened, people in Carter’s team began to fall ill and die strangely.

The inventor of paper • (1)had failed (2)had tried • (3)had heared (4)had caught • (5) had showed/shown

Practice • 1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests ______ when he ______ at the party. • 　　A. left； had arrived B. left； arrived • 　　C. had left； had arrived D. had left； arrived 　　解析： 正确答案为D。guests先“离开”，Tom后“到达 • ”。 　　 • 2. We ______ four thousand new words by the end of last year. • 　　A. had learned B. have learned • 　　C. learned D. will have learned • • 　 　解析： 根据by短语中的last year得知是到去年年末， 正确选项为A

Practice 　　　　　　 　　2. Helen ______ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ______home. 海伦把钥匙忘在了办公室，所以她不得不 等到丈夫回家。 A. has left； comes B. left； had come C. had left； came D. had left； would come 解析： 正确答案为C。had to wait说明事情发生在过去，而“ 　　 忘带钥匙”的动作发生在“等丈夫回家”之前。 had already built 3. He _________his own lab by the time he was ten. 到十岁时， 他已经建起了自己的实验室。 　　 had studied 4. He _______English for five years before he came here. 来这儿 之前，他已经学过五年英语了。 　　　　

二、 1. 主语＋had＋hardly(scarcely)＋过去分词＋when(before) ＋主语＋一般过去时。 　　2. 主语＋had＋no sooner＋过去分词＋than＋主语＋一般过 去时。例如： 　　①They had no sooner got home than it began to rain. 他们一 到家，天就下起雨来。 　　②______ got into the room，______ the telephone rang. 他 一到家，电话就响了。 　　A. He hardly had；then B. Hardly had he；when C. He had not；that D. Not had he；when 　　 解析： 正确答案为B。当否定词hardly，scarcely，no sooner放在句首时，主谓要倒装。

五、 It was＋时间＋since＋主语＋过去完成时。 例如： 　　They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I ______ a good drink. 他们邀请我和他们喝酒，我说，我已经至少 十年没有好好喝过了。 　　A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying 　　 正确答案为A。

Fill in the blanks 1. There____（be）25 parks in our city up till 2000. 　 2. By the end of last term we ______(finish) the book. 3. They finished earlier than we _____(expect).

Fill in the blanks • 4. That was the second time that she _____ (see) her grandfather • 5. It was 3 years since we ————(part)。

Fill in the blanks • 6. I ———— (hope) that I could do the job. • 7. I ———— (intend) to see you but I was too busy.

典型例题 • When I arrived at the station, he had already left. We had learned about 4000 English words by the end of last term. I waited until he had finished his homework. We were surprised at what she had done. We ____our breakfast when an old man came to the door. (CET-4 1990, 1) • 　　A) just have had 　　B) have just had • 　　C) just had 　　D) had just had. 答案为D

典型例题 • 　Before the first non�stop flight made in 1949, it ____ necessary for all planes to land for refueling. (CET-4 1996, 6) • 　　A) would be • 　　B) has been • 　　C) had been • 　　D) would have been 答案为C

典型例题 • 　Until then, his family ____from him for six month. �( CET-4 1997, 1)� • 　　A) didn't hear • 　　B) hasn't been hearing • 　　C) hasn't heard • 　　D) hadn't heard 答案为D.

典型例题 　 　 The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office. 　 A. had written, left　 B. were writing, has left　 C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案D.

Quiz • 1. She did not go to the cinema because she ______the film before. 　A. had seen 　B. has seen 　 C. saw 　 D. was going to see

Quiz • 2. —— Nancy is not coming tonight. —— But she _____ ! A. promises 　 B. promised 　 C. will promise 　D. had promised

Quiz 3. Shirley _______ a book about China last year but I don‘t know whether she has finished it. 　A. has written 　B. wrote 　 C. had written 　D. was writing

Quiz 4. —— Your phone number again? I _______ quite catch it. —— It‘s 9568442. 　A. didn’t 　B. couldn‘t 　 C. don't 　D. can't

Quiz • 5. —— Do you know our town at all? —— No， this is the first time I ______ here. A. was 　 B. have been 　 C. came 　 D. am coming

Quiz • 6. I_______， but I was prevented by the heavy rain. A. had meant coming B. had meant to come C. meant to come D. meant coming

Quiz • 7. ____you____ in the heavy rain last night? 　A. Were; caught B. Did; catch 　C. Had; been caught D. Have; caught

Quiz • 8. She is the cleverest girl I______. 　A. will meet B. had met C. have not met D. have ever met

Quiz • 9. —I hear that you ______ a new house. —Yes， but I______ in it now. A. have bought， won't live B. have bought， am not living C. will buy， have lived D. will have bought， am not living

Quiz • 10. It's a surprise to meet you here. I _____ you ______here. A. don't expect， are B. don't expect， were C. didn't expect， are D. didn't expect， were

Quiz • 11. She did not go to the cinema because she ______the film before. 　A. had seen 　B. has seen 　 C. saw 　D. was going to see

Homework Workbook Exercise Page 104 C 1, C 2