GRAMMAR ADJECTIVES ADJECTIVES Adjective describes or modifies a

GRAMMAR ADJECTIVES

ADJECTIVES • Adjective – describes, or modifies, a noun or pronoun • An adjective can tell what kind, which one, or how many • What kind – We climbed steep, rocky trails. • Which one – Those hikers met at this stream. • How many – Several boys carried two cameras. • Sometimes adjectives come before the noun they describe. Other times, adjectives follow the noun they describe. • Three hungry and tired campers stumbled home. • Children, cheerful and noisy, called to us. • A predicate adjective can follow a linking verb. It describes the subject of a sentence. • Mary felt sleepy. I was anxious to get home.

COMPARING WITH ADJECTIVES • Comparative form – add –er to compare two people, places, things, or ideas. • Cade is younger than I am. • Superlative form – add –est to compare three or more • Jess is the youngest of all. • Sometimes the spelling of an adjective changes when –er or –est is added.

Spelling changes in Comparative and Superlative 1. Adjectives ending in e: Do not add another e. 2. Adjectives ending in a consonant preceded by a single vowel: You usually double the final consonant. 3. Adjectives ending in y: Change the y to i. large nice sad big busy happy larger nicer largest nicest sadder bigger saddest biggest busier happier busiest happiest

COMPARING WITH MORE AND MOST • Use more to form the comparative and most to form the superlative of most adjectives of two or more syllables. • More refers to two. Most refers to more than two. • The elephant is more powerful than the giraffe. • Jess is the most powerful swimmer on the team. • BE sure not to combining –er with the word more or –est with the word most. • INCORRECT: Peaches are more sweeter than lemons. • CORRECT: Peaches are sweeter than lemons.

SOME ADJECTIVES ARE IRREGULAR. THEY HAVE COMPLETELY DIFFERENT FORMS TO SHOW THE COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE. Adjective Comparative Superlative much more most little less least good better best bad worse worst

ADVERBS THAT MODIFY VERBS • Adverb – a word that can tell how, where, when, or to what extent • An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb • • HOW – Jackie left quickly. WHERE – She arrived there. WHEN – Then she returned. TO WHAT EXTENT – She thoroughly explained.

ADVERBS THAT MODIFY ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS • When an adverbs modifies an adjective or another adverb, it tells how or to what extent. • A very large (adj. ) crowd gathered quite quickly (adv. ).

COMPARING WITH ADVERBS • Adverbs can be used to make comparisons. • To compare two things, use the comparative form (-er) • To compare more than two things, use the superlative form (est) • If the adverb ends with –ly, add more (comparative) or most (superlative) to make comparisons. • Ex. Comparative: Dan arrived later than Sidney. • Ex. Superlative: I arrived latest of all. • DO NOT combine the –er ending with the word more or the –est ending with the word most

ADJECTIVE OR ADVERB? • Adjectives modify nouns and pronouns • Use adverbs to modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs • Adverbs usually end in –ly. • ADJECTIVE: slow • ADVERB: slowly quickly badly