Grammar 3 The preterite tense The imperfect tense

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Grammar 3 The preterite tense The imperfect tense Using the imperfect and preterite together

Grammar 3 The preterite tense The imperfect tense Using the imperfect and preterite together The imperfect continuous © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The preterite tense 1 The PRETERITE tense is used to talk about completed actions

The preterite tense 1 The PRETERITE tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past. It is used: 1. 1. in telling stories and for non descriptive events. 2. 2. to recount a list or series of completed actions in the past. 3. 3. to describe actions in the past which happened only once. 4. 4. to describe actions that went on but finished in the past. It is the most useful and used of the past tenses but also has the most irregularities! It is recognised by the English I did something. Examples: Llamé por teléfono a las nueve. I rang at nine. Me levanté temprano. I got up early. Viví cinco años en Madrid. I lived in Madrid for five years. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The preterite tense 2 There are two sets of regular endings to learn: 1.

The preterite tense 2 There are two sets of regular endings to learn: 1. -AR 2. -ER/ -IR As with other tenses you have to: 1. take the infinitive 2. take off the infinitive ending 3. add the endings for the tense. -AR endings -é -aste -ó -amos -asteis -aron -ER / -IR endings -í -iste -ió -imos -isteis -ieron Notice the ‘we’ ending in –AR and –IR verbs is the same as in the present Tense. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The preterite tense 3 Regular -AR verbs. hablar = to speak / talk habl

The preterite tense 3 Regular -AR verbs. hablar = to speak / talk habl é I spoke, I did speak. habl aste You spoke, you did speak. habl ó He /she/ it spoke, did speak. habl amos We spoke, we did speak. habl asteis You spoke, you did speak. habl aron They spoke, they did speak. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The preterite tense 4 Regular -AR verbs. Choose 3 of the verbs below and

The preterite tense 4 Regular -AR verbs. Choose 3 of the verbs below and write them out in full: aceptar = to accept amar = to love arreglar = to fix ayudar = to help bajar = to go down bailar = to dance cantar = to sing charlar = to chat dibujar = to draw entrar = to go in ganar = to win lavar = to wash llenar = to fill llorar = to cry mirar = to look at pagar = to pay pescar = to fish saltar = to jump tocar = to touch viajar = to travel 1. Yo (ayudar) ayudé en casa. Put the verb in brackets into the correct part of the preterite. 2. Las chicas ____ (bailar) bailaron en la discoteca. 1. Yo (ayudar) en casa. 3. Nosotros cantamos en en la la discoteca. clase de música. 2. Las chicas (cantar) (bailar) ____ 4. Vosotras(cantar) (entrar)____ entrasteisenenlaelclase cine de para ver la película. 3. Nosotros música. 5. Tú (ganar) ganaste un premio la lotería, 4. Vosotras (entrar) ____ en elen cine para ver¿verdad? la película. 6. padre siempre (pescar) pescó el río. ¿verdad? 5. TúMi(ganar) ____ un premio en en la lotería, 7. (viajar) viajó(pescar) a los Estados Unidos el río. año pasado. 6. Mi. Ana padre siempre ____ en el 8. Yo (viajar) (llenar) ____ llené una cesta con manzanas. 7 Ana a los Estados Unidos el año pasado. 9. Mi(llenar) hijo (dibujar) dibujó muy bien enmanzanas. su examen de arte. 8. Yo ____ una cesta con 9. Mi hijo (dibujar) ____ muy bien en su examen de arte. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The preterite tense 5 Regular -ER verbs. comer = to eat com í I

The preterite tense 5 Regular -ER verbs. comer = to eat com í I ate, I did eat. com iste You ate, you did eat. com ió He / she / it ate, did eat. com imos We ate, we did eat. com isteis You ate, you did eat. com ieron They ate, they did eat. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The preterite tense 6 Regular -ER verbs. Practise saying or writing out these other

The preterite tense 6 Regular -ER verbs. Practise saying or writing out these other verbs. beber correr coser deber = to drink = to run = to sew = to owe leer meter vender ver = to read = to put = to sell = to see Put the verb in brackets into the correct part of the preterite. 1. Mis amigos (beber) ____ cafécon conlechetodalalanoche. bebieron café noche. 2. Mi tía (coser) cosió muchos vestidos. 2. Mi (correr) tía (coser) ____ muchos vestidos. 3. Yo corrí para coger el autobús. 3. Yo (correr) ____ para coger el autobús. 4. Los chicos (meter) metieron la ropa en el armario. 4. chicos (meter) ____ en el armario. 5. Los Tú (leer) leiste el reportaje en la el ropa periódico. 5. Tú (leer) ____ el(vender) reportaje en el periódico. 6. Los supermercados vendieron de todo. 6. (vender) 7. Los Luis supermercados me (deber) debió mucho ____ dinero. de todo. 7. me (deber) ____ dinero. 8. Luis Los alumnos (ver) vieron unmucho programa muy bueno. 8. Los alumnos (ver) ____ un programa muy bueno. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The preterite tense 7 Regular -IR verbs. ABRIR= to open abr í I opened,

The preterite tense 7 Regular -IR verbs. ABRIR= to open abr í I opened, I did open. abr iste You opened, you did open. abr ió He / she / it opened, did open. abr imos We opened, we did open. abr isteis You opened, you did open. abr ieron They opened, they did open. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The preterite tense 8 Regular -IR verbs. Practise saying or writing out these other

The preterite tense 8 Regular -IR verbs. Practise saying or writing out these other verbs. Like ABRIR batir = to beat cubrir = to cover recibir = to receive escribir = to write permitir = to allow Put the verb in brackets into the correct part of the preterite. 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. Mi batió los huevos para hacer una tortilla. Mi madre (batir) ____ los huevos para hacer una tortilla. Los cubrieron los Los obreros (cubrir) ____ losagujerosen enlalacarreterra. Yo recibí muchos regalos el díaelde Yo (recibir) ____ muchos regalos díamidecumpleaños. mi cumpleaños. Elena escribió a sus amigas dede la la universidad. Elena (escribir) ____ a sus amigas universidad. El permitió pasar. El guardia me me (permitir) ____ pasar. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The preterite tense 9 Irregular verbs. The first group of irregular verbs are only

The preterite tense 9 Irregular verbs. The first group of irregular verbs are only slightly irregular as they show spelling changes in the first person singular only. There are three types: 1. Verbs which end in –GAR change to GUÉ 2. Verbs which end in –CAR change to QUÉ 3. Verbs which end in –ZAR change to CÉ jugar = to play cruzar = to cross jugué I played jugaste you played jugó he she it played explicar = to explain jugamos we played jugasteis you played expliqué I explained jugaron they played explicaste you explained explicó he she it explained explicamos we explained explicasteis you explained explicaron they explained crucé I crossed cruzaste you crossed cruzó he / she it crossed cruzamos we crossed cruzasteis you crossed cruzaron they crossed © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The preterite tense 10 Irregular verbs. The following verbs work in the same way.

The preterite tense 10 Irregular verbs. The following verbs work in the same way. Can you write out three of them in full? apagar = to put out acercarse = to approach cazar = to hunt cargar = to load atacar = to attack empezar = to begin descargar = to unload buscar = to look for organizar = to organize entregar = to hand over secar = to dry rezar = to pray llegar = to arrive pescar = to fish utilizar = to use navegar = to sail chocar contra = to crash into pagar = to pay sacar = to take out regar= to water marcar = to score a goal, dial a number © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The preterite tense 11 Irregular verbs. Some spelling changes occur in the 3 rd

The preterite tense 11 Irregular verbs. Some spelling changes occur in the 3 rd person of a limited number of verbs which do not have a spelling change in any other person. Verb 1 st person singular 3 rd person plural caer = to fall creer = to believe leer = to read oír = to hear destruir = to destroy construir = to build caí creí leí oí destruí cayó creyó leyó oyó destruyó cayeron creyeron leyeron oyeron destruyeron construí construyó construyeron © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The preterite tense 12 Spelling change verbs. Unlike the present tense in which the

The preterite tense 12 Spelling change verbs. Unlike the present tense in which the spelling change verbs change in four persons, in the preterite tense the changes only affect two of the three types and occur in the 3 rd person only. 1. o > ue verbs The most common verbs affected here are dormir(se) and morir(se). DORMIR(SE) dormí durmió durmieron MORIR(SE) morí murió murieron Pedro durmió bien en su tienda. Se durmió en seguida. Pedro slept well in his tent. He went to sleep at once. El soldado casí murió de risa. Al día siguiente se murió en la batalla. The soldier nearly died of laughter. The next day he died in the battle. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The preterite tense 13 The second spelling change group involves -IR verbs. 2. e

The preterite tense 13 The second spelling change group involves -IR verbs. 2. e > i verbs PEDIR pedí pidió pidieron En el restaurante Paco pidió tortilla de jamón. Paco asked for ham omelette in the restaurant. Mis amigos pidieron una paella enorme. My friends ordered an enormous paella. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The preterite tense 14 What would the third person singular and plural be for

The preterite tense 14 What would the third person singular and plural be for each of the verbs below? despedirse de = to say goodbye to divertirse = to enjoy oneself se despidió se despidieron hervir = to boil se divirtió se divirtieron pedir = to ask for hirvió hirvieron preferir = to prefer pidió pidieron rendirse = to surrender prefirió prefirieron repetir = to repeat rindió rindieron seguir = to follow repitió repitieron sentir = to feel, to be sorry siguió siguieron servir = to serve sintió sintieron vestirse = to get dressed sirvió sirvieron se vistió se vistieron © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The preterite tense 15 The last group of irregular verbs in the preterite tense

The preterite tense 15 The last group of irregular verbs in the preterite tense is easy once you have learnt the first person singular! PONER = to put puse I put pusiste You put puso He / she / it pusimos We put pusisteis You put pusieron They put There are no accents on these verbs. Just learn the first person and then put the endings on the new stem. The endings are almost the same as for regular –er and –ir verbs. Can you spot the differences? © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The preterite tense 16 Verbs which follow the same pattern as poner: Verb stem

The preterite tense 16 Verbs which follow the same pattern as poner: Verb stem 1 st person andar - to walk estar - to be obtener - to obtain tener - to have hacer - to do poder - to be able saber - to know suponer - to suppose venir - to come querer - to love/want conducir - to drive traer - to bring producir - to produce decir - to say anduv estuv obtuv hic pud supus vin quis conduj traj produj dij anduve estuve obtuve hice pude supuse vine quise conduje traje produje dije Endings -e -iste -o -imos -isteis -ieron Note: hacer has a different stem in the 3 rd person singular - hizo © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The preterite tense 17 Some very important verbs! hacer = to do / make

The preterite tense 17 Some very important verbs! hacer = to do / make estar = to be hiciste hizo hicimos hicisteis hicieron estuve estuviste estuvo estuvimos estuvisteis estuvieron I did / I made You did / you made He / she / it did / made We did / we made You did / you made They did / they made I was You were He / she / it was We were You were They were ser = to be + ir = to go I was You were He / she / it was We were You were They were fuiste fuimos fuisteis fueron I went You went He / she / it went We went You went They went Notice ser and ir have the same parts © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The preterite tense 18 estar, ir, hacer and ser Practise using the preterite of

The preterite tense 18 estar, ir, hacer and ser Practise using the preterite of estar, ir, hacer and ser by writing out these sentences in Spanish. 1. Yesterday I went to the cinema. 2. It was a fantastic film. 3. Before I went I did my homework. 4. He was a great soldier and a wonderful father. 5. My grandfather went to Australia in 1960. 6. They went to the hairdresser’s. 7. The boys made their beds for the first time! 8. The bank was in the middle of the town, then they moved it. 9. I went to the match and my friend was there. 10. It was a great day and the weather was very good. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The preterite tense 19 estar, ir, hacer and ser 1. Ayer fui al cine.

The preterite tense 19 estar, ir, hacer and ser 1. Ayer fui al cine. 2. Fue una película fenomenal. 3. Antes de ir hice los deberes. 4. Fue un gran soldado y un padre maravilloso. 5. Mi abuelo se fue a Australia en mil novecientos sesenta. 6. Fueron a la peluquería. 7. ¡Por primera vez los chicos hicieron sus camas! 8. El banco estuvo en el centro de la ciudad, luego lo movieron. 9. Fui al partido y mi amigo estuvo allí. 10. Fue un día fantástico e hizo muy buen tiempo. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The preterite tense 20 ¿Puedes describir un día típico de tu vida? Los verbos

The preterite tense 20 ¿Puedes describir un día típico de tu vida? Los verbos que tienes que cambiar aparecen en rojo. Por la la mañana me me levanto levanté temprano, a a las 6: 00, paraabrirla lacafetería, para recibir los repartos, para limpiar la la cocina yy preparar el el desayuno para los clientes las clientes que vienen vinieronde delas lasoficinasde dealallado. Las Lasdos doscamareraspreparan prepararon mesas y sey preparan a recibir a la gente. Servimos el desayuno y los platos las mesas se prepararon a recibir a la gente. Servimos el desayuno y los combinados todo eltodo día yelladía gente grupos. A veces no hay platos combinados y la viene genteen vino en grupos. A veces no muchos hubo clientes la cafetería pero cuando gente la quiere tomaroun café un muchos en clientes en la cafetería pero la cuando gentecomer quisoocomer tomar parece que todos lleganllegaron al mismo tiempo. Por la Por tarde hay menos café pareció que todos al mismo la cuando tarde cuando hubo gente, comoyopero es una gran comida porque siempre hay clientes menos yo gente, comínopero no fue una gran comida huboa servir y no hay mucho tiempo libre, tiempo aun con dosaun camareras, mi esposa ymi los clientes a servir y no hubo mucho libre, con dos camareras, que friegan platos. Porlos la tarde vienen muchos clientesmuchos y turistas a esposa y loslos que fregaron platos. siempre Por la tarde siempre vinieron comer tomar copas. A yveces que en laque cocina o servir los clientesy ya turistas a comer tomartengo copas. A ayudar veces tuve ayudar en laacocina clientes. ir ame la pude camairaalas 23: 00 ahoras, pero horas, en verano o servir a En los invierno clientes. me En puedo invierno la cama las 23: 00 pero me voy a lame cama dos a delas la dos madrugada. Es duro pero me gusta en verano fui aalalas cama de la madrugada. Fue duro pero el metrabajo gusta yelme recompensa. trabajo y me recompensó. menu © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The imperfect tense 1 The imperfect tense is used to talk about the past.

The imperfect tense 1 The imperfect tense is used to talk about the past. Whereas the preterite describes a single completed action in the past, the imperfect tense. . . • describes something that happened frequently or regularly in the past. • is used for descriptions in the past, such as describing what the weather was like or giving your opinion of something you did. • tells us what something used to be like. • describes something that went on for a long period of time. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The imperfect tense 2 This tense is used in four different ways: 1. To

The imperfect tense 2 This tense is used in four different ways: 1. To describe actions, people or things in the past. 2. To describe an action that started in the past and was going on or continued in the past. 3. To describe actions that used to be done frequently in the past. 4. To describe thing(s) which were going on in the past before another event started. The imperfect tense translates any of the following English clue words or phrases: I was eating. We were talking. I used to eat. She was an interesting teacher. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The imperfect tense 3 Main uses of the imperfect. 1. General descriptions in the

The imperfect tense 3 Main uses of the imperfect. 1. General descriptions in the past. Example: La casa era enorme. The house was enormous. Describing what the weather was like. Example : Ayer, hacía sol. Yesterday it was sunny. Giving your opinion of something you did. Example: Comí pollo, era muy rico. I ate chicken, it was delicious. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The imperfect tense 4 2. Saying what something used to be or would be

The imperfect tense 4 2. Saying what something used to be or would be like. Examples: Cuando era joven, comía muchos caramelos. When I was young, I used to eat lots of sweets. Cuando visitábamos a nuestros parientes nos daban regalos y revistas. When we used to visit our relatives they would give us presents and magazines. Both of these examples describe things and events that were repeated in the past. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The imperfect tense 5 3. Describing something that happened frequently or regularly in the

The imperfect tense 5 3. Describing something that happened frequently or regularly in the past. Examples: Cuando tenía 10 diez años, hacía natación dos veces por semana. When I was 10 years old, I went swimming twice a week. Durante mis vacaciones del verano pasado me levantaba temprano, desayunaba e iba a la playa. During my holidays last summer I used to get up early, have breakfast and go to the beach. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The imperfect tense 6 4. Describing something that went on for a long period

The imperfect tense 6 4. Describing something that went on for a long period of time. Examples: Cuando era joven, vivía en el campo y teníamos dos gatos. When I was young, I lived in the country and we had two cats. Cuando íbamos al campo podía nadar en el río y dar un paseo. When we went to the country I could swim in the river and go for a walk. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The imperfect tense 7 5. Was…doing and were…doing If you want to translate was

The imperfect tense 7 5. Was…doing and were…doing If you want to translate was or were doing something, you must use the imperfect tense. These are the clue phrases that help you identify the tense and mean you must use the imperfect tense. Examples: Hacía los deberes cuando mi madre regresó a la casa. I was doing my homework when my mother came home. Jugábamos al fútbol cuando empezó a llover. We were playing football when it started to rain. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The imperfect tense 8 Regular verbs. The imperfect tense is quite easy to form

The imperfect tense 8 Regular verbs. The imperfect tense is quite easy to form and has very few irregular parts. There are only two sets of endings to learn and only three irregular verbs. Formation of the imperfect tense Take the following steps: 1. Take the infinitive of the verb you wish to use. 2. Take off the -AR, -ER or -IR. 3. Add the endings. -AR endings: -ER / IR endings -abas -aba -ábamos -abais -aban. -ías -íamos -íais -ían. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The imperfect tense 9 All regular -AR verbs are formed in the following way:

The imperfect tense 9 All regular -AR verbs are formed in the following way: HABLAR= to speak / talk habl aba I talked, I was talking, I used to talk. habl abas You talked, you were talking, you used to talk. habl aba He / she / it talked, was talking, used to talk. habl ábamos We talked, we were talking, we used to talk. habl abais You talked, you were talking, you used to talk. habl aban They talked, they were talking, they used to talk © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The imperfect tense 10 All regular -ER and -IR verbs are formed in the

The imperfect tense 10 All regular -ER and -IR verbs are formed in the following way. COMER = to eat com ía I ate, I was eating, I used to eat. com ías You ate, you were eating, you used to eat. com ía He / she / it ate, was eating, used to eat. com íamos We ate, we were eating, we used to eat. com íais You ate, you were eating, you used to eat. com ían They ate, they were eating, they used to eat. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The imperfect tense 11 ABRIR= to open abr ía I opened, was opening, I

The imperfect tense 11 ABRIR= to open abr ía I opened, was opening, I used to open. abr ías You opened, were opening, you used to open. abr ía He / she/ it / opened, was opening, used to open. abr íamos We opened, we were opening, we used to open. abr íais You opened, you were opening, you used to open. abr ían They opened, they were opening, they used to open. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The imperfect tense 12 The good news about the imperfect tense is that all

The imperfect tense 12 The good news about the imperfect tense is that all of the verbs except three are regular. The three irregular verbs are SER, IR and VER. SER IR VER = to ==to go tobe see iba era veía eras ibas veías era iba veía éramos íbamos veíamos erais ibais veíais eran iban veían I went, saw, used was, usedto tobe. see. go. you went, saw, used were, usedtotosee. go. be. he / she / it went, saw, used was, usedtotobe. see. go. we went, saw, used were, usedtotosee. go. be. you went, saw, used were, usedtotosee. go. be. they went, saw, used were, usedto tosee. go. be. leer = to read also does this. leía I read, used to read © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The imperfect tense 13 To summarise: The imperfect tense is used for descriptions in

The imperfect tense 13 To summarise: The imperfect tense is used for descriptions in the past and the meaning of the imperfect tense can change according to context and use. (Yo) Iba a Madrid. Could mean: 1. I went to Madrid. 2. I was going to Madrid. 3. I used to go to Madrid. 4. I would go to Madrid. Repeated action. Action begun in past and probably going to be interrupted by another event. Frequent action © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The imperfect tense 14 Change the verb in brackets to the imperfect tense. 1

The imperfect tense 14 Change the verb in brackets to the imperfect tense. 1 iba menudo al centro de la ciudad. Yo (ir) ___a 2 te levantabas nunca antes de las doce. Tú no (levantarse) ______ 3 telefoneaba a su madre cada día. Ana (telefonear) _____ 4 Yo (comer) comía _____ cuando el teléfono sonó. 5 jugábamos al fútbol en el parque. Nosotros (jugar) _____ 6 comíais ensalada con todas las comidas. Vosotras (comer) _______ 7 se bañaba cuando alguien llamó a la puerta. Ella (bañarse) _____ 8 El niño siempre (abrir) ____ abría la nevera. 9 Roberto nunca (escoger)escogía ______ el mismo libro que María. 10 Yo (leer) ___ leía el mapa mientras mi padre (conducir)____. conducía 11 11 (Empezar) _____ a nevar cuando nos pusimos en camino. Empezaba 12 Nosotros siempre (llegar) llegábamos _____ temprano. menu © Boardworks Ltd 2003

Using the imperfect and preterite together These two past tenses are often used together

Using the imperfect and preterite together These two past tenses are often used together especially for stories or narratives in the past. Look at these examples and try to use the tenses in a similar way. Examples: Cuando miré por la ventana llovía. When I looked out of the window it was raining. Leía cuando el teléfono sonó. I was reading when the telephone rang. In each of these sentences: (1) the verb in the preterite describes a single, completed action. (2) the verb in the imperfect describes an action which was already going on and which was interrupted by another action. menu © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The imperfect continuous 1 The same kind of verb construction can be used with

The imperfect continuous 1 The same kind of verb construction can be used with the imperfect tense to describe continuous actions in the past. This time the English phrase you are describing is: - was doing something. Example: I was eating. Estaba comiendo To form the imperfect continuous in Spanish you need two parts: (1) The imperfect tense of the verb to be ESTAR. (2) The present participle of the verb you are emphasising. Notice that you still use the present participle. © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The imperfect continuous 2 How to form the imperfect continuous tense. comer = to

The imperfect continuous 2 How to form the imperfect continuous tense. comer = to eat I was eating Estaba comiendo You were eating Estabas comiendo He / she / it was eating Estaba comiendo We were eating Estábamos comiendo You were eating Estabais comiendo They were eating Estaban comiendo Now practise saying and writing out these verbs: ABRIR HABLAR © Boardworks Ltd 2003

The imperfect continuous 3 ¿Sabes cambiar estos verbos del presente al imperfecto progresivo? 1.

The imperfect continuous 3 ¿Sabes cambiar estos verbos del presente al imperfecto progresivo? 1. Juan y Ana estaban beben café bebiendo con leche caféen con la cafetería. leche en la cafetería. 2. Anita pone estaba laponiendo mesa para la ayudar mesa para a suayudar madre. a su madre. 3. Hoy estaba llueve alloviendo cántaros, a no cántaros, acaba. no acaba. 4. Nosotros estábamos leemos revistas leyendo en larevistas clase de encias. la clase de ciencias. 5. Los camareros estaban sirven a muchos sirviendoclientes a muchos hoy. clientes hoy. 6. El gato estaba duermedurmiendo en el jardín. 7. Los niños estaban juegan aljugando fútbol enalelfútbol parque. en el parque. 8. María se estaba vistevistiéndose en su dormitorio. 9. Mi madre estaba ve su telenovela viendo supreferida telenovela enpreferida la tele. en la tele. 10. Yo estaba aprendoaprendiendo el español en el el español instituto. en el instituto. 11. Vosotras estabais cantáis en cantando el coro. en el coro. 12. El cliente estaba pide la cuenta. pidiendo la cuenta. menu © Boardworks Ltd 2003