GRAMMAR 1 FRAGMENTS and RUNONS FRAGMENTS A fragment

GRAMMAR #1 FRAGMENTS and RUN-ONS

FRAGMENTS A fragment is an incomplete thought; it may be missing a subject or a verb and so does not count as a full sentence. Fragment: I checked my phone seven times already today. Starting as soon as I woke up. Fragment: When the weekend arrives, I have so much to do. Like doing laundry, cleaning my room, and finishing my science project.

How do you fix a fragment? OPTIONS 1. Check to see if the phrase is missing a subject; if so, add one. 2. Check to see if the phrase is missing a verb; if so, add one. 3. Can you just combine the fragment with an existing sentence? That may be as simple as adding a comma, or it may require you to re-write the pair of phrases for a fluent, concise, full sentence.

Fixing a Fragment: I checked my phone seven times already today. Starting as soon as I woke up. • As soon as I woke up this morning, I checked my phone, which I’ve now done seven times. Fragment: When the weekend arrives, I have so much to do. Like doing laundry, cleaning my room, and finishing my science project. • I have so much to do this weekend, like laundry, cleaning, and studying. • Doing laundry, cleaning my room, and finishing my science project are the many things I have to do this weekend.

Sentences? Fragments? DIRECTIONS: Number your scrap paper from 1 -4. Look at each pairing of clauses. Is the pairing correct in providing full sentences, or is there a fragment? Write “C” or “F” next to each number. 1. Seattle is a wonderful place to live. Having mountains, ocean, and forests all within easy driving distance. 2. Why do I think the author’s position is problematic? He makes generalizations that warrant further support. 3. Most people would agree that citizens deserve quality health care. But every treatment has its price. 4. Summer will be here soon. Not before a lot of work and stress, though.

Sentences? Fragments? DIRECTIONS: Number your scrap paper from 1 -4. Look at each pairing of clauses. Is the pairing correct in providing full sentences, or is there a fragment? Write “C” or “F” next to each number. 1. Seattle is a wonderful place to live. Having mountains, ocean, and forests all within easy driving distance. FRAGMENT 2. Why do I think the author’s position is problematic? He makes generalizations that warrant further support. CORRECT 3. Most people would agree that citizens deserve quality health care. But every treatment has its price. CORRECT 4. Summer will be here soon. Not before a lot of work and stress, though. FRAGMENT

Run-Ons • Run-ons jam two or more full sentences together into one. • Just a comma between two full sentences doesn’t fix the error. SAMPLE RUN-ONS R/O=Current insurance practices are unfair they discriminate against the people who need coverage the most. , R/O=The book review’s main critiques are harsh they fail to recognize the stylistic merit of the writing.

How do you fix a run-on? • Separate the two sentences with a period. • Use a semi-colon (if the sentences are related in content). • Add a comma + a coordinating conjunction after the first sentence. Note: Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, for, yet, nor, so

FIXED Fixing a Run-On R/O=Current insurance practices are unfair they discriminate against the people who need coverage the most. • Current insurance practices are unfair; they discriminate against people who need coverage the most. • Because they discriminate against the people who need coverage the most, current insurance practices are unfair. • Current insurance practices are unfair, for they discriminate against the people who need coverage the most. R/O=The book review’s main critiques are harsh, they fail to recognize the stylistic merit of the writing. • The book review’s main critiques are harsh; they fail to recognize the stylistic merit of the writing. • The book review’s main critiques are harsh, for they fail to recognize the stylistic merit of the writing.

Sentence? Run-On? DIRECTIONS: Number your scrap paper from 1 -4. Look at each sentence. Is it correct, or is it a run-on? Write “C” or “R/O” next to each number. 1. A two-thirds vote was needed to pass the bill it failed by 4 votes. 2. The senator was invited to speak at the graduation ceremony next month. Because of her busy schedule, however, she had to decline. 3. Most of the buildings in the town are historical landmarks, they were built prior to 1800. 4. Hoping for a large settlement from the lawsuit, the plaintiff began to spend excessively, she ended up with debt when the lawsuit was dismissed.

Sentence? Run-On? DIRECTIONS: Number your scrap paper from 1 -4. Look at each sentence. Is it correct, or is it a run-on? Write “C” or “R/O” next to each number. 1. A two-thirds vote was needed to pass the bill it failed by 4 votes. RUN ON 2. The senator was invited to speak at the graduation ceremony next month. Because of her busy schedule, however, she had to decline. CORRECT 3. Most of the buildings in the town are historical landmarks, they were built prior to 1800. RUN ON-the comma doesn’t fix it 4. Hoping for a large settlement from the lawsuit, the plaintiff began to spend excessively, she ended up with debt when the lawsuit was dismissed. RUN ON-the comma doesn’t fix it

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