Grab a whiteboard marker and eraser of some
Grab a whiteboard, marker, and eraser of some sort. Take out paper for grammar notes.
Independent Clause Subordinate Clause (Dependent Clause)
• So an independent clause expresses a complete thought and can stand by itself as a sentence. • A dependent/subordinate clause DOES NOT express a complete thought nor can it stand by itself as a sentence. Independent If you need me, I will help you. Dependent If you need me, I will help you.
TIP: • Every prepositional phrase functions as either an adjectival prepositional phrase or an adverbial phrase. • Every dependent clause functions as either an adjectival clause, an adverbial clause, or noun clause. 7
Subordinating Conjunctions Start Dependent/Subordinate/Adverb Clauses after because although so that if when until as before while since whereas unless I need money so [that] I can go to the movies. I wanted breakfast for dinner, so I scrambled eggs.
An adverb clause will meet these requirements: • First, it will contain a subject and verb. • You will also find a subordinating conjunction that keeps the clause from expressing a complete thought. • Finally, you will notice that the clause answers one of these three adverb questions: How? When? or Why?
Adverb Clauses **TIP: Adverb clauses can usually move around in the sentence. **TIP: Introductory clauses are usually adverb dependent clauses. 10
For each number, identify the underlined section as the independent or dependent clause.
1. When you called last night, I was not home. 2. It is hot today; please water the garden. 3. We didn’t go to her party because we went camping that weekend. 4. I cannot help you when you do not try. 5. Please fold the clothes before they become wrinkled. 6. After the game was over, I went home and slept like a rock. 7. Even though the broccoli was covered in cheddar cheese, Emily refused to eat it.
1. We keep our bread in the fridge ____ it doesn't go bad. since so that although after 13
2. The five-cent coin looks very Canadian ____ it has a picture of a beaver on it. since so that though before 14
3. ____ Volkswagen cars are cheap, they last a long time. because in order that although after 15
4. You should give the iron time to heat up ____ you iron your clothes. because so that before until 16
5. You need proper shoes to go hiking in the mountains ____ the ground is rough and hard. because so that even though before 17
6. You will have to pay higher insurance ____ you buy a sports car. if so that although before 18
7. You shouldn't drive ____ you drink alcohol. if in order that even though after 19
8. ____ the dolphin lives in the sea, it is not a fish–it's a mammal. whether so that although after 20
Page 331, Exercise 34—just provide the appropriate subordinating conjunction to show causation OR contrast Use subordinating conjunction chart of page 328 as a reference. Pay attention to the relationship—is it additional info or contrasting info? Think through it!
Relative Pronouns Start Dependent/Relative/Adjective. Clauses who whom that which whoever whomever whichever
Relative Pronouns (Gives extra details) Subordinating Conjunctions (Explains how/when/why) who whom that which whoever whomever whichever after because although so that if when until as before while since whereas unless
1. When you called last night, I was not home. 2. I know the man who owns that store. 3. It is hot today; please water the garden. 4. This is the poem that I memorized last year. 5. I cannot help you when you do not try. 6. Please fold the clothes before they become wrinkled. 7. We didn’t go to her party because we went camping that weekend. 8. After the game was over, I went home and slept like a rock.
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