GPS Applications BCM E Business Technologies Prof Eduard

GPS Applications BCM / E- Business Technologies Prof. Eduard Heindl June 30, 2009 Jaime Navarrete Ortiz

Agenda � Background � Definition � How does GPS work � Applications ◦ Military ◦ Civilian � GPS aiding systems � The future of GPS � Summary BCM/E-Business Technologies 30. 06. 09 2

Background � Early 70’s: USA’s Department of Defense ◦ Military purposes � 70’s and 80’s: Experimental blocks of satellites � 1993: Initial Operational Capability (IOC) � 1994: 24 Satellite constellation in orbit � 1995: Full Operational Capability (FOC) ◦ Navigation worldwide, map-making, surveying. . . � 2004: GPS on mobile phones BCM/E-Business Technologies 30. 06. 09 3

Definition � The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a U. S. owned utility that provides users with positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services � GPS has become practically the most important tool for transportation systems worldwide BCM/E-Business Technologies 30. 06. 09 4

How does GPS work � GPS satellites are arranged so that four satellites are placed in each of six orbital planes � Signals are sent by the GPS satellites high above the Earth (at the speed of light), each satellite transmits messages containing the time the message was sent with precise information ◦ Determine the receiver's location ◦ 3 D location: latitude, longitude and altitude, and time. BCM/E-Business Technologies 30. 06. 09 5

How does GPS work � GPS: Very small clock error, results in a large position error ◦ Receivers use four or more satellites to solve for x, y, z, and t BCM/E-Business Technologies 30. 06. 09 6

How does GPS work � The GPS system consists of three types: Space Segment, Control Segment and User Segment BCM/E-Business Technologies 30. 06. 09 7

Applications: Military ◦ For navigation �Find objectives in the dark or in unfamiliar territory �Coordinate the movement of troops and supplies. ◦ Target tracking �Military weapons systems use GPS to track potential ground air targets; and missile and projectile guidance ◦ Mapping and exploration BCM/E-Business Technologies 30. 06. 09 8

Applications: Automobiles, roads and highways ◦ The GPS offers efficiencies and safety ◦ A geographic information system (GIS) stores, analyzes, and displays geographically referenced information provided in large part by GPS. ◦ Monitor vehicle location: for scheduling and providing arriving time information. ◦ Mass transit systems: improve on-time performance. ◦ Automobile GPS Systems: points of interest (POI) and course-planning functionality. ◦ Display information about location, speed, direction. ◦ Logistics: tracking and forecast of freight. ◦ Provide warnings to drivers of potential critical situations, such as traffic violations or crashes. BCM/E-Business Technologies 30. 06. 09 9

Applications: Aviation ◦ Increase the safety and efficiency of flight ◦ Space-based position and navigation: determination for all phases of flight ◦ Safely reduce the separation between airplanes: more aircraft to fly, efficient routes, saving time, fuel, and increasing cargo. ◦ Safety: increased by the satellite signals augmentation for special aviation applications greater precision operations are possible. BCM/E-Business Technologies 30. 06. 09 10

Applications: Marine ◦ Fastest and most accurate method for mariners to navigate ◦ Information of the vessels: availability, location, etc. ◦ Application named “man overboard” (MOB) ◦ GPS data for underwater surveying, buoy placement, and navigational location and mapping ◦ Fishing: optimum fishing locations, identify fish migrations ◦ Automation of the pick-up, transfer, and placement process of containers BCM/E-Business Technologies 30. 06. 09 11

Applications: Emergencies ◦ GPS in mobile phones places an emergency location capability in the users: Comprehensive safety net (e. g. 911) ◦ Helpful for tracking children ◦ In the automobile: “On. Star” by GMC BCM/E-Business Technologies 30. 06. 09 12

Applications: Public safety & Disasters ◦ Precise location of landmarks, streets, buildings, emergency service resources, and disaster reliefs: protecting life and reduce property loss ◦ Efforts for global disasters (hurricanes, tsunamis, earthquakes, etc. ) ◦ Scientists can study how strain builds up slowly over time in an attempt to characterize and anticipate earthquakes ◦ Seismic monitoring networks to locate epicenters of earthquakes and other seismic events. BCM/E-Business Technologies 30. 06. 09 13

Applications: Surveying and Mapping ◦ Survey markers, buildings, and road construction ◦ 3 D information for natural and artificial features that can be displayed on maps and models of the world ◦ GPS together with GIS are used for timely decisionmaking and wiser use of resources ◦ Yields highly accurate surveying results in real-time at the centimeter-level ◦ Unaffected by rain, wind, or reduced sunlight ◦ Growing use by professional surveyors and mapping personnel BCM/E-Business Technologies 30. 06. 09 14

Applications: Agriculture and Farming ◦ Precision farming: soil sample collection, chemical applications control, harvest yield monitors, farm planning, field mapping, tractor guidance and crop scouting ◦ Before: difficulty for farmers to correlate production techniques and crop yields with land variability ◦ Availability to work during low visibility field conditions ◦ Precision agriculture: introduction of high technology tools into the agricultural community that are more accurate, cost effective, and user friendly ◦ New tools: the integration of on-board computers, data collection sensors, and GPS time and position reference systems (aided by the GIS) BCM/E-Business Technologies 30. 06. 09 15

Applications: Recreation and Fun ◦ GPS technology together with electronic mapping has helped to overcome much of the traditional problems associated with unbounded exploration: Hikers, bicyclists, and outdoor adventurers ◦ Skydiving: drop-zone ◦ Geocaching: hunting game ◦ Photography: coordinates for location of photos BCM/E-Business Technologies 30. 06. 09 16

Applications: Timing & Business ◦ Networks all rely on precision timing for synchronization and operational efficiency: cost savings for companies that depend on precise time, leading to significant advances in capability ◦ Banks and businesses: Synchronize their networks track, update, and manage multiple transactions made by a global network of customers ◦ Power companies: enable efficient power transmission and distribution ◦ Marketing: GPS systems and survey based research to help them to decide new targets and branches BCM/E-Business Technologies 30. 06. 09 17

Helping GPS � Augmentation Systems include: ◦ Nationwide Differential GPS System (NDGPS) ◦ Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) ◦ Continuously Operation Reference Station (CORS) ◦ Global Differential GPS (GDGPS) ◦ International GNSS Service (IGS) BCM/E-Business Technologies 30. 06. 09 18

The Future of GPS � Expected that the majority of GPS users will be in vehicle navigation � Automatic machine guidance and control � USA: implementation of a second a third civil signal on GPS satellites, in order to improve accuracy and help the safety-of-life applications (aviation) BCM/E-Business Technologies 30. 06. 09 19

Summary � GPS has been evolving through time and has helped in the surveying, navigation, agricultural and military fields since it was started to being used. Despite of the fact that at the beginning was designed for military purposes � The civil applications have grown faster � GPS has replaced the conventional methods ◦ Cost effective process, time saving, accuracy and rapidness � “New uses of GPS are invented every day and are limited only by the creativity of the human imagination” From: National Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Coordination Office. (n/d). http: //www. gps. gov/ BCM/E-Business Technologies 30. 06. 09 20

Reference � � � Akerman, R. (2007). Digital photography in Canada. Retrieved on June 27, 2009, from http: //www. chebucto. ns. ca/~rakerman/geocode-photos. html Dana, P. (1998) Global Positioning System Overview. Retrieved on June 24, 2009 from http: //www. colorado. edu/geography/gcraft/notes/gps El-Rabbany, A. (2002). Introduction to GPS, the Global Positioning System. USA: Artech House Inc. Eisner, B. (2009). Global Positioning System. Retrieved on June 27, 2009, from http: //www. squidoo. com/globalpositioningsystem General Motors Company Website. (n/d). On star by GMC. Retrieved on June 25, 2009, from http: //www. onstar. com/us_english/jsp/ovd/index. jsp Geocaching - The Official Global GPS Cache Hunt Site. (2009). Retrieved on June 26, 2009, from http: //www. geocaching. com/ Kowoma. De. (2009). The GPS System. Retrieved on June 22, 2009, from http: //www. kowoma. de/en/gps/signals. htm Langley, R. B. , (August, 1991). The mathematics of GPS World, Vol. 2, No. 7 National Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Coordination Office. (n/d). Global Positioning Sytem, Serving the World. U. S Government site. Retrieved on June 22, 2009, from http: //www. gps. gov/index. html Septentrio Satellite Navigation. (2008). Real time kinematic. Retrieved on June 24, 2009, from http: //www. septentrio. com/about_dgps_rtk. htm 3 G. co. uk. (n/d). Assisted-GPS Test Calls for 3 G WCDMA Network. Retrieved on June 22, 2009, from http: //www. 3 g. co. uk/PR/November 2004/8641. htm BCM/E-Business Technologies 30. 06. 09 21

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION QUESTIONS? ? ? BCM/E-Business Technologies 30. 06. 09 22