GOVERNMENT Write words or draw pictures that come

GOVERNMENT • Write words or draw pictures that come to mind about when you hear the word “government. ” • What is the reason or purpose for having a government? • Pair and Share and Revise

Freedom John Locke How he influenced the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States of America Security

SWBAT • Define “political power. ” • Explain why a “Social Contract” is better than a “State of Nature”. • Explain how a “Social Contract” is necessary to avoid the “State of War” • Explain when is rebellion justified? • Connect to the Declaration of Independence

Just a question. . . • Do you believe that humans are: – Naturally good: Society and the environment are what corrupts them. – Naturally bad: Society and the social environment teach people how to be good. – Neither good or bad: Society and the social environment define whether or not people will become good or bad. – Some combination of the above? Why?

Philosophy 1. The pursuit of _______ through study and self-discipline. 2. Investigation of the _______, causes, or principles of _______, wisdom, or values, based on ____________ 3. The ________ of assumptions or beliefs It tries to answer these questions: Ø How did we get here? Ø How does it all work? Ø What is our _____ for being here? Ø Where are we going?

Age of Enlightenment • In 17 th and 18 th century Europe, ______ developed _____ and ______ to answer these questions • In France, Germany, England, but _______ has roots all the way back to Greek and Biblical Times • They wrote, they _______ or agreed, and they ______ on each others ______. Rene Descartes – the Father of Modern Philosophy

And so… • Our founding fathers were well read on these subjects. They used these ______ to argue for our ________ and ________________

Let’s begin with Hobbes • Wrote _____in 1651 • Introduced the idea of the _________ where everyone had the right to… Ø Do everything and anything. Ø Ensure ________ through selfdefense. = ______ (no government, no law) • And this anarchy naturally brought man into a ____________ • State of War: people constantly battle each other over a perceived lack of ______. Ex. Not enough food, shelter, water

Hobbes Continued… • We all agree that war is not in man’s best interest, so… • The only way out of war, is by entering into a _______ under an authority (ruler) who will provide ___________

In “Leviathan” Hobbes argued… • The social contract was an _____ between ____ and his ______ • The ruling, protective _______ (the Leviathan or king) had ________ even over matters of _______ and _______ • There is no separation of powers, meaning: the Leviathan was the Lawmaker, the Judge, and the Executioner • Who was in authority over the Leviathan / Monarch?

Here comes John Locke… • John Locke was a ______ philosopher • He ______: if Natural Laws like theory of Gravity were logical and could be “______” , then so should there be discoverable ______ and ______ laws. • He wrote “The Second Treatise of Government” to describe and explain a theory of the balance of ______________ in society

Locke: The basics… • We live in a _______ in which there is freedom and equality • In Nature we have _______ such as _______, and the ____________(our bodies and our possessions) • But, history has shown us that some individuals use their freedom to take away the ______ of others. ________!

The basics continued… • When individuals choose to take away others’ rights it creates a _______. • Unfortunately, the State of War is constant. There always people trying to get _______ over others by limiting freedoms and treating others unequally. • So… now what?

More basics…. • People want ____: safety and rules to preserve and protect their rights and freedoms • To get back to a ____ from a ______, people must agree to work together. This is a _______, in which people agree to limit some freedoms in order to have security. • Therefore we create ______. • When Governments are created to ensure the security and the preservation of property this is the _________.

Check your head… • State of Nature • State of War • State of Political Power • Natural Rights • Social Contract Put these in your own words

Lastly, Locke says… • Governments must have laws, must be fair and unbiased, and must have the ability to enforce laws. • Governments are created under the Social Contract to support and protect the State of Nature and our Natural Rights.

Lastly continued… • Governments _____ freedoms against the need for _____. All of this is for _______. • When Government no longer provides this protection, or limits too much freedom then the _______ is broken. People then have a ___________to rebel. • Does this sound familiar? It better!

Okay I lied… more Locke: What is Political Power? • It is the ability of a government to make ______ and _____, even severe, to ensure protection of property (_______) • and it gives government the force of the community to _____ these rules, protect from other groups (______, ______) • All for the good of the group (___________)

How about a Society? • In a society Individuals consent (agree) to give up some _______ to become a _____ • A ______ which is made up of select or elected citizens uses ______ to balance ______ against security Freedoms Security

Some Problems with Power… • Once the balance is tipped one way or the other… too much freedom (____) or too much security (_____), we enter into a period of __________, and reenter a state of war… • Examples? • Under a structure of government, if one group tries to place another group under their _____ power, then we re-enter a state of war… • Examples?

Write: Connect to the American Revolution • Why did we declare • Which ideas have our independence? you heard before?

The Declaration of Independence “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. --That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness…. ” • Identify: Natural Rights, Political Power and the Purpose of Government

Locke’s Flow Natural Law & Natural Rights: Free & Equal; Life Liberty, Property Gov’t enforces laws to maintain balance between these states State of Political Power State of Nature = Government Create agreed upon laws & rules of gov’t Taking power (selfish) or limited resources State of War Ex. Constitution Social Contract Or If Gov’t Fails Rebellion / Hostile takeover The DOI outlined the basic principles of Locke’s Theory of Gov’t