Government Mr Barr Warm Up 12016 List three

Government Mr. Barr

Warm Up- 1/20/16 • List three of your favorite activities you did over Winter Break with 1 being the MOST favorite and 3 being LEAST. • Where is the most interesting place you have visited in your life?

Course Topics

Course Topics 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Origins of Government Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch Domestic Policy Foreign Policy

How will I teach you? Ø Ø Ø Story Telling Video Clips Plays Simulations Debates Computer Games & Activities Mock Trials Projects (Group & Individual) DBQs Google Docs (current events) Textbook

Classroom Procedures ü Entrance & Exit ü Daily Materials ü Seating Assignment *Earn The Right to Choose Your Seat ü Daily Warm Up ØGrade Reports

Classroom Expectations ü ü Put Your Name On All Papers Be in the classroom & your seat on time Be prepared with your required materials Raise your hand when asking a question or marking a comment ü Treat others & others property with respect ü Work together in a cooperative manner

Classroom Consequences ☻ 1 st Offense = Warning ☻ 2 nd Offense = Private Conference ☻ 3 rd Offense = Seat Change ☻ 4 th Offense = Parent Contact ☻ 5 th Offense = Office Referral Consequence depends upon severity of offense.

Necessary Information Ø Fire & Emergency Drills Ø Leaving Classroom (Bathroom, Water Fountain, Health Room) Ø Missed Assignments (Absence) Ø Late Assignments Ø Supplies

Extra Help Available v Contact me! v Email: barrtim@wcps. k 12. md. us v Phone: 301 -766 -8198 v Website: www. mrbarrsclassroom. weebly. com At times, your attendance may be required!

Notecard • List on your notecard: – – – – – Name: Birthday: Famous person you want to meet: Favorite book: Favorite TV show: Favorite movie: Biggest fear: Toughest life experience: What you are excited to learn about in Government this year:

Student Objectives Students will: • Understand plagiarism • Use the Internet to find information • Evaluate electronic and traditional sources of information • Use traditional sources for research • Use electronic sources for research • Cite sources correctly

What you will learn. . . • • What is plagiarism? Evaluating Sources Traditional Sources Electronic Sources • Broad –vs. – Narrow Search • Boolean Operators • Source Citation

What is plagiarism? Definition: “Plagiarism consists of presenting the intellectual or creative work of other people (words, ideas, opinions, data, images, flowcharts, computer programs, etc. ) as one's own work. ” SU School of Information Studies Statement on Academic Integrity Preate, S. (Information Services Librarian, Syracuse University Library) (2004). Internet Plagiarism. Powerpoint Presentation. Retrieved January 28, 2006 from Weber School District’s Media Library Website: http: //curriculum. weber. k 12. ut. us/techmedia/wsdmedia. htm

Why do people plagiarize? • Ignorance • Pressure/fear • Lack of confidence • Faculty perceived as excessively demanding • Perceived lack of consequences • Boredom/lack of interest • Laziness • Competition • Arrogance • Cultural differences BUT WHATEVER THE REASON, DO NOT PLAGIARIZE! WHY? It is unethical, wrong, cheating, and you will not learn anything or feel pride in your achievements by using another person’s work. Preate, S. (Information Services Librarian, Syracuse University Library) (2004). Internet Plagiarism. Powerpoint Presentation. Retrieved January 28, 2006 from Weber School District’s Media Library Website: http: //curriculum. weber. k 12. ut. us/techmedia/wsdmedia. htm

Plagiarism Continued “A special place in the underworld is reserved for those who think their [High School Teacher] is technology impaired: believe me, I can track down plagiarized Internet material faster than it can be copied and pasted into a paper (as cited in Preate, 2004). ” It usually takes me about two minutes. Mr. Barr Preate, S. (Information Services Librarian, Syracuse University Library) (2004). Internet Plagiarism. Powerpoint Presentation. Retrieved January 28, 2006 from Weber School District’s Media Library Website: http: //curriculum. weber. k 12. ut. us/techmedia/wsdmedia. htm

What happens if I plagiarize? If you plagiarize, you will be caught. It is not hard. I know you as a student. I know your voice. If the writing does not sound like you, it probably is not. There are red flags in papers that are plagiarized. I can take any sentence from your paper, enter it into a keyword search, and find the Internet site you There copied in about 30 seconds. Please do not do it. are no You will get an “F” on the assignment, and will be stupid referred to the administration for cheating. Not to students, mention you will lose your self-respect and but it is a credibility among students and teachers. It is not really worth it. If you need help to do a paper, ask. stupid choice to cheat.

How do I avoid plagiarism? 1. 2. 3. 4. Identify the source Acknowledge the source in your work Use others’ work to create your own work – don’t just copy Cite your sources correctly

Evaluating Websites – 8 Criteria The 8 Criteria for Evaluating Websites 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Validity Accuracy Authority Uniqueness Completeness Coverage Objectivity Currency

Validity: How logical, trustworthy and reliable the content of the resource is. Warning! Anyone can publish anything on the Internet. Do not believe everything you read or see. Questions to ask: • “Honor and • trust are • earned not • Does the resource appear to be honest and genuine? Is a third party involved that monitors the site for accuracy? Is the resource available in another format? (Book, CD-Rom, etc. ) Is there evidence that the information was well researched? (Works Cited, Bibliography, Reference List, Citations, Endorsements, etc. ) Is any bias made clear and of an acceptable level? (Everything has bias, but has the website attempted to address any of its biases? ) freely • given check your Clues to look for: sources. ” • References List, Source Citations, and Bibliographies Mr. Barr • • • A statement of the goals and objectives of the site A mention of any quality checks conducted by a neutral third party A URL which supports claims in the content (example: (. edu) for an educational site)

Accuracy: Closely related to validity, the accuracy of a resource will depend on how correct all the information actually is. Warning! The lack of information filters on the Internet, such as proof readers, editors and publishers means that mistakes are more prevalent than in print. Some errors are innocent, some “If one has are just lies and deceptions. made a mistake, Questions to ask: and fails to • Is the website refereed or checked by a third party (publisher, editor correct it, or peer reviewer)? one has • Can the information be triangulated or cross-checked with other reliable sources? made a • What is the author’s motivation? Does the author gain anything for greater being inaccurate? mistake. ” Clues to look for: Plato (427 • Typographical errors BC - 347 • Spelling mistakes and bad grammar BC) • Bibliographies and references • The author’s credentials (degrees, training, awards, experience, etc. )

Authority “If a rhinoceros were to enter this restaurant now, there is no denying he would have great power here. But I would be the first to rise and assure him that he had no authority whatever. ” G. K. Chesterton (1874 - 1936) Authority: Depends on the expertise, reputation and status of the source. The author’s credentials – training, education, experience, awards, etc. Warning! • • • The source of the information is not always clear. Information may not always be correctly attributed. Anyone can publish anything on the Internet, so compared with a bookstore or a library you will find a lot more information based on personal opinion rather than fact. Questions to ask: • • Who is the author? Is the author’s name available. Would you put your name on something you are not proud of or know is incorrect? Think about that. How reputable are the author? What are the author’s credentials? Awards? How trustworthy is the origin of any data or information? Can you cross-check or triangulate the information with other reputable sites? Clues to look for: • • Information about the author Details of the origin of any data or information (bibliography, etc. ) Can you contact the author? (E-mail, address, phone #) Links to other sources that support the claims of the author.

Uniqueness: Relates to the amount of primary information “We are contained within the resource which is not obtainable from other sources. drowning in information and starved Warning! On the Internet many resources contain little primary or for original information. Resources often contain only secondary information. A resource containing primary information that is knowledge. ” unavailable from other sources, and in particular other online sources is likely to be of greater value than a resource containing secondary information. Unknown “In your thirst for knowledge, be sure not to drown in all the information. ” Questions to ask: • • • Does the resource contain any original work? Is there some primary information on the site? If the site is a secondary source, is the primary source available? Clues to look for: • Anthony J. • D'Angelo Check the URLs of links to see if they take you to information within the site or to external sites created by somebody else The "About this site" links often lead to clues about the uniqueness of the information

Completeness: A complete resource will be a finished piece of work that is available online in its entirety. “The Internet is so big, so powerful and pointless that for some people it is a complete substitute for life. ” Warning! The Internet often offers incomplete information that has either been published before it has been finished (the term "under construction" is commonly used), or that is available only in part online and points the user to non-networked resources for the full text edition. Questions to ask: • • Is the resource available in full and not "under construction"? Are there any dead links or empty files? Is there any missing information? Does the information available agree with the promises made? Clues to look for: • • Any scope statement for the site – how much information is covered? The contents page Disconnected Links Site maps

Coverage: The depth and breadth of the information. “The whole problem with [the Internet] comes down to this: [everything can be printed on one page, and] the world cannot be understood in one page. ” Warning! Many Internet resources are not as comprehensive or detailed as what you might find in a library. Broken into screen -sized chunks, they may not cover a subject in the same depth as a book. Internet sites often simply lack in-depth coverage of the subject matter. Questions to ask: • • • Does the information go into sufficient depth? Does the resource cover the subject matter adequately? Is there any information missing? Clues to look for: • Paraphrased • from: Neil • Postman • A contents page An index A site map Bibliographies and references

Objectivity “The biases the media has are much bigger than conservative or liberal. They're about getting ratings, about making money, about doing stories that are easy to cover. ” Al Franken “Advertising is the modern substitute for argument; its function is to make the worse appear the better. ” George Santayana (1863 - 1952) Objectivity: All websites have bias, but did the website take measures to eliminate bias, or at least label the bias as such – an opinion. Warning! Be aware that not everything is true just because it is on the internet. Anyone can publish anything on the Internet. Why do you think (. com) stands for a company website? Questions to ask: • • What is the motive for publishing the information (money, fame, shock-value)? Does the site require money? * Note * (Sometime this can actually be a great website. Remember nothing of real value is free. Valuable information will either cost you in money or research time, so think of that next time you get your free and easy instant information from the Internet. ) Clues to look for: • • • Opinion, bias, viewpoint Inflammatory of provocative language (Is the site a “soapbox” for an organization or a person’s opinion. Is there advertising on the page? Does your URL give you a hint

Currency: How up-to-date and current is the website? “The more things change, the more they remain. . . insane. ” Michael Fry and T. Lewis Warning! Many Internet resources are old and out-of-date. If a website is older the two to three years, it should be avoided. Many sites have been around since the birth of the Internet in the early 1980’s. Questions to ask: • • • When was the page first published and last updated? If the page was revised, were the revisions substantive? Is the information current or outdated? Are the links current? Is the site older than two or three years? Clues to look for: • • • Outdated links / Broken links A date older than two to three years. Information that does not triangulate with recent sites.

What is a Database? Definition: In the broadest sense, a database is anything that stores data. A phone book, for instance, could be considered a database as it stores related pieces of information such as name and phone number. However, in the world of computers, a database usually refers to a collection of related pieces of information stored electronically. Aside from the ability to store data, a database also provides a way for other computer programs to quickly retrieve and update desired pieces of data. From: http: //www. mariosalexandrou. com/glossary/database. asp There are two major types of databases available in the computer and Internet world: • Search Engines – large powerful databases that rely on automated search agents called robots. • Subject Directories – Have no crawlers or robots, but are a directory of website organized and put into categories by humans.

Search Engines “Search Engines, with their half-baked algorithms, are closer to slot machines than to library catalogues. You throw your query to the wind. . . You may get 234, 468 supposed references. . . ” David Rothenberg Journal Entry: In one paragraph, tell me what this person is trying to say about Search Engines?

Search Engines Definition: Search engines use spiders, crawlers, or robots [small programs that traverse the Internet looking at web sites] to find sites. The spiders retrieve information from the title or content of web sites and send it back to the search engine's database. The search engine then analyzes the web page and ranks it according to very sophisticated algorithms, which are closely guarded secrets. Alta. Vista and Google are examples of search engines.

Broad –vs. - Narrow Search Research is like a funnel – you start very broad and narrow the topic down. Broad Search: Ø Starting point – I’m just learning about the subject. Ø Very general information Ø A lot of information Ø Use textbooks, Internet, encyclopedias, and other tertiary reference material that can give you a good general summary of the topic. Narrow Search: Ø Ø Finishing up my research with the best information available. Very specific information for the subject of my paper Less information - Professional Authors use what is called a throw-away-rate. They do A LOT of research and find A LOT of information. Then, they throw away about 90% of the information, and keep the 10% of information that is really good and relevant to their topic. Use more primary documents and very reliable sources for very specific details and information. Use Boolean Operators and Key Words to narrow

Evaluating Website Sponsors What’s in a name – or a URL? Definition: (URL) means (Uniform Resource Locator) or the website address. Click on each type of URL sponsor. • . edu = educational websites and institutions • . gov = governmental websites • . org = non-profit organization websites • . com = commercial websites Others: • . net = network of companies • . biz = business • . info = information • . museum = museum For more, go to netlingo. com – the dictionary of internet terms.

. edu – Educational Websites and Institutions Examples: • • www. weber. edu - college www. harvard. edu - college www. ufl. edu - college www. si. edu - educational museum www. fi. edu - educational center cctc. commnet. edu/grammar - writing center americanhistory. si. edu - educational museum highwire. stanford. edu - educational research The (. edu) websites are educational. Universities, schools, and educational institutions use (. edu). They are usually very reliable.

. gov – Governmental Websites Examples: • • • utah. gov - Utah State Government firstgov. gov - U. S. Governent gop. gov - Republican Party dnc. gov - Democratic Party whitehouse. gov - The Whitehouse ready. gov - The U. S. Dept. of Homeland Sec. irs. gov - The IRS Department senate. gov - The U. S. Senate census. gov - U. S. Census Bureau The (. gov) websites are governmental websites. They are usually considered very reliable. Again, however, many of the political websites have political agendas. Therefore, particular care should be taken with bias, as always.

. org – Non-Profit Organizations Examples: • • pbs. org - Public Broadcasting System cancer. org - American Cancer Society lds. org - LDS Church greenpeace. org - Greenpeace moveon. org - Political Action realtor. org - Realtor Association nea. org - Teacher Association en. wikipedia. org - Wikipedia Free English (en) Encyclopedia The (. org) websites are sponsored by non-profit organizations. They are often reliable, but it should be remembered that a non-profit organization does have an agenda, just like anything else. Therefore, as always, particular attention should be paid to bias.

. com – Commercial Websites Examples: • • espn. com - Sports cbsnews. com - News historychannel. com - The History Channel historycentral. com - History Shopping Site gm. com/history - General Motors’ History halliburton. com/history - Halliburton History travelsd. com/history - South Dakota Travel The (. com) websites are commercial sponsors or companies. You must always be aware. . . Is someone trying to sell me something? How does the fact that they are trying to sell me something affect this information?

Traditional Traditiona l Sources

Books (Non-Fiction) Non-fiction - writing based on someone’s perspective of the “facts”. Includes three levels of credibility. Primary Source – The author (Gene Jacobsen) lived the experience first hand. Example: Secondary Source – The author (Stephen E. Ambrose) interviewed and researched the soldiers who lived the experience first hand. The author has second hand knowledge. There are many primary source references. Example: Use tertiary sources for a very broad beginning search Tertiary Source – The authors (Elisabeth Ellis and Anthony Esler) relied on secondary sources – it is a general summary of history. There are no source citations. Example:

Books (Historical Fiction) Contemporary Fiction – The Historical Fiction – story is fiction, but the author is writing the story at the time of the actual events. Many historians consider this a primary source, because it does represent the time period and issues of the time period accurately. Fiction based on real historical events. Example: Jeff Shaara’s work is considered secondary or tertiary. Primary Examples: sources are used to write his books. • Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom’s Historical fiction can bring history Cabin, which is a fictional story. However, alive, but it is not the most reliable, Stowe witnessed slavery, and she used the because it is not written by an eyestory to tell the similar events she personally witness the events. witnessed. • Mark Twain wrote fictional stories about Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn. However his description of life on the Mississippi River is considered a primary source, because he lived during that time.

Magazines - Periodicals Magazines: • Usually for entertainment more than research. • Usually considered a tertiary source. • Rarely includes source citations and references. • Good place to start for a broad topic search. • Periodical – Usually published monthly. *** Contemporary Magazines: could be considered primary sources, because they are from the time period. Example: The Time magazine with Hitler is from 1941. ***

Refereed Professional Journals Periodicals Refereed Journals: • This is not a personal journal. • Usually published by universities and colleges or professional societies and associations. • A good source of information, because the information is refereed. Refereed means that the information is doublechecked by a third party – usually a very reliable source of information. . • Usually considered a secondary source. • Contains citations and references from sources. • Periodical – Usually published each semester or quarterly. Main Page Plagiarism Evaluating Sources Traditional Sources Electronic Sources Broad/Narrow Search Boolean Operators Citing Sources

Newspapers - Periodicals Newspaper: • A daily or weekly publication of current news, editorials, and feature articles. • Could be primary because it is a contemporary record, but it is more likely secondary or tertiary, because sources are not normally cited.

Source Citation

Citation Manuals Turabian Style Citation The Turabian form of citation is normally used by historians. (Also know as Chicago style. ) APA Style Citation APA (American Psychological Association) The Publication Manual is the style manual of choice for many disciplines where effective communication in words and data is fundamental, including: Psychology, Sociology, Business, Economics, Nursing, Social Work, Criminology. MLA Style Citation The MLA Handbook is published by the Modern Language Association, the authority on MLA documentation style. Widely adopted in high schools, colleges, and publishing houses, the MLA Handbook treats every aspect of research writing, from selecting a topic to submitting the completed paper.

Citing Electronic Sources (MLA) The MLA Handbook is published by the Modern Language Association, the authority on MLA documentation style. Widely adopted in high schools, colleges, and publishing houses, the MLA Handbook treats every aspect of research writing, from selecting a topic to submitting the completed paper. Founded in 1883 by teachers and scholars, the Modern Language Association promotes the study and teaching of language and literature. http: //www. mla. org/

Website - Bibliographic Citation (MLA) MLA Style Bibliography: Include as much of the following as you can: Author (last name, first name). “title of the internet page section” (in quotations). Followed by the title of the site (underlined). Date of the last update (if given). Name of any organization associated with the website. Access date (accessed day month year). <URL in (<arrows>)>. Sometimes authors are not identified. The owner of the site may stand in for the author. For content from informal sites such as personal web pages where titles are lacking, descriptive phrases may be used. If information is not available, for example there is no author or date listed, use “None” in your citation. ***NOTE – this could tell you something about the information on the website. *** Example: Petrik, Paula. “Women in World History” World History Matters. . 2004 -2005. Center for History and New Media. George Mason University. 9 February 2006. <http: //chnm. gmu. edu/wwh/index. html. Internet>. Format: Author’s Last Name, First Name “title of the Internet page section”. Title of the website (underlined). Date of the last update. Organization involved with the website. Access Date day month year. <web address (URL)>.

Website - Parenthetical Citation (MLA) MLA Style Parenthetical Reference – This is an in-text citation that points the reader to your bibliographic citation. Any direct quotes should include the quotation in quotation marks (“quote”) and then in parenthesis include: (Author’s last name and page number). Cite direct quotations, paraphrases, ideas peculiar to an author, case studies, statistics, and graphics, such as maps, charts, diagrams, and scientific research results. Place citations directly after the quotation or paraphrase. ***Note if the quote is longer than three lines, do not use quotation marks, indent the section, and include the parenthetical reference at the end. Example: A parenthetical reference looks like this: (Jones 47) "Jones" refers to an author whose last name is Jones. The name "Jones“ corresponds with an author named Jones whose name would appear on your Works Cited page, alphabetized under the letter "J. " The number "47" refers to the page number from Jones on which the borrowed information appears-whether it's from a book, a periodical article, or another print source. (The page number is

Citing Electronic Sources (MLA) MLA Style Great Sites: 1. UC Berkeley MLA Guide (Printable) OR Citation On GO TO - http: //www. lib. berkeley. edu/Teaching. Lib/Guides/MLAstyle. pdf 2. The Citation Machine (Great – Generates your citation in MLA or APA style) -line http: //citationmachine. net/index. php Resources 3. Eastern Michigan University (Great Site!) (Use the one that works best for you. ) http: //emulibrary. com/emulib_cite. html 4. Duke University (Great Site!) http: //www. lib. duke. edu/libguide/cite/works_cited. htm 5. Weber State Writing Center (Great Site!) http: //departments. weber. edu/writingcenter/Helpful%20 Links. htm 6. My. Bib. Pro. com http: //www. easybib. com/ Other Useful Sites: 6. University of Montana http: //www. lib. umt. edu/research/guide/gen_literature_cited. htm#TC 7. University of Southern Mississippi http: //www. lib. usm. edu/research/guides/turabian. html 8. Ohio State University http: //library. osu. edu/sites/guides/turabiangd. html 9. Ithaca College Library http: //www. ithaca. edu/library/course/turabian. html 10. Dartmouth College http: //www. dartmouth. edu/%7 Esources/examples/web_site. html

Exit Ticket- 1/20/16 • What is Government?