Government Chap 2 Origins of American Government Vocab

Government Chap 2 Origins of American Government

Vocab List for the Chapter Feudalism Federalists Magna Carta Anti-Federalists Limited government Virginia Plan Popular sovereignty New Jersey Plan Declaration of Independence Ratification Constitution Confederation Popular tyranny Great Compromise

Goals We will understand how the government established by the constitution embodies values and principles of democracy and rebulicanism. LG: We will summarize key events, documents, and people that led to the origins of American government. SC: Ø I can create a presentation to demonstrate how the gov represents democracy and a republic. Ø I can identify the earliest types colonial governments Ø I understand how colonial legislation impacted the move toward independence Ø I can explain how the first government was set up using Articles of Confederation Ø I can summarize Federalists and Antifederalists. I can explain similarities and differences Ø I can explain how the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey plan led to the Great Compromise

Groups Ø In your groups you are to read and take notes over the key points in your given section. Once you have notes you can transfer them to a powerpoint. Your goal is to create a presentation to teach to the rest of the class so they can get the most important information from your section. Section 1: Our Political Background Section 2: Moving toward Independence Section 3: The Articles of Confederation Section 4: Creating the Constitution (divided into 2)

How do I take notes and what do I put on the powerpoint? What are the words in bold? What is a common theme? What kind of pictures are being shown? What is the main idea stated at the beginning of the section? Do your notes answer the guided questions?

Group Requirements Create a google slideshow: -Must have at least 6 -8 slides -Include pictures/videos/maps -Must include vocabulary terms Slides should highlight the key points for the chapter!

Value Ø Grade will be averaged: • Group grade (for the overall presentation) • Individual grade (for your contribution to the team) • 50 points!

Group Topics: Group 1 - Section 1: colonial governments and requirements for voting Group 2 - Section 2: Colonial Legislation Group 3 - Section 3: Articles of Confederation Group 4 - Section 4: Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Group 5 - Section 4: Great Compromise

Chapter 2 Origins of American Government Section 1 Our Political Background

Britain Gradually Dominates the New World in the 1700 s © EMC Publishing, LLC

Why Colonists Leave England Ø To flee religious persecution Ø To establish a utopian society Ø To become landowners • The average person could not get land in England. Ø To make their fortunes • Colonists sought new opportunities. Ø To provide raw materials for England • Colonies’ mercantile system focused on trade and competition with other nations. © EMC Publishing, LLC

Participation in Colonial Government Ø There were three types of colonial governments: • Royal: Leaders chosen by king of England • Proprietary: Leaders chosen by person who received grant from king • Charter: Leaders elected by white, male property owners in colonies Ø Some colonies set up colonial representative assemblies (for example, the House of Burgesses in Virginia). Ø Communities usually made their own decisions about leadership (but the king appointed some governors). © EMC Publishing, LLC

Who Could Vote in the Colonies? Ø Property: Only property owners–later amended to taxpayers–were allowed to vote. Ø Religion: Voters had to meet moral or religious standards. Ø Race: Because blacks were forbidden to own property, they could not vote. Ø Gender: Few women were allowed to vote. © EMC Publishing, LLC

Your Turn Ø Colonial leaders wanted to ensure that life in the New World would be better than life in England. 1. If you were a founding father, how would you have ensured that voters were taking the common good into account? 2. What perspective do you think the founders had about the average person and participation in politics? © EMC Publishing, LLC

Chapter 2 Origins of American Government Section 2 Moving toward Independence

Colonial Legislation and Divisive Events Ø 1764 Sugar Act: Taxed sugar and increased costs of coffee, indigo, and wine Ø 1765 Stamp Act: Taxed printed materials Ø 1767 Townshend Acts: Taxed glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea; allowed government to seize private property and issue general search warrants Ø 1770 Boston Massacre: Ended with British soldiers killing several colonists Ø 1773 Boston Tea Party: Colonists showed displeasure with the Tea Act by dumping tea into Boston Harbor © EMC Publishing, LLC

Your Turn Ø How reasonable were British taxes on the colonists? Rank the following taxes in the order of how reasonable you think they were (with 1 being the most reasonable). Be prepared to explain your ranking. a. Sugar Act (1764) b. Stamp Act (1765) c. Townshend Acts (1767) © EMC Publishing, LLC

Colonist Responses Ø British laws led to colonial unity. Ø The First Continental Congress, 1774: • Declared the Coercive Acts void Ø Second Continental Congress, 1775: • Established a national government • Led to the writing of the Declaration of Independence © EMC Publishing, LLC

Decision for Independence Ø Declaration of Independence Ø Foundational beliefs © EMC Publishing, LLC

Significance of Declaration of Independence Ø Radical for time-equality; inherent rights; government served people Ø Treason Ø Clear position for rebellious colonists, forcing others to choose rebellion or declare as Loyalists Ø Directed to other nations: paved way for eventual French aid Ø Inspired later liberation movements • “All men are created equal” later basis for anti-slavery and other liberation movements © EMC Publishing, LLC

The Declaration of Independence Ø Written by Thomas Jefferson (influenced by John Locke’s social contract theory) Ø Written to: • Justify colonies’ independence • Convince wary colonists to join the rebellion • List grievances against George III, king of England • Persuade others that the colonists were right (Framers wanted to justify only this revolution, not other rebellions. ) © EMC Publishing, LLC

Reading Ø Follow along on page Ø https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ETro. Xv. RFo. KY © EMC Publishing, LLC

The Declaration of Independence “When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them… …when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government. ” © EMC Publishing, LLC

Chapter 2 Origins of American Government Section 3 The Articles of Confederation

A “Firm League of Friendship” Ø The Articles of Confederation were approved by the Second Continental Congress, 1775. Ø The Articles created “a firm league of friendship” among the 13 states. Ø They established a confederation, or a loose connection of states with no central power. Ø Under the Articles, the states retained their sovereignty and could better attend to their citizens’ needs. © EMC Publishing, LLC

Powers of the National Government (Congress) Ø Decide matters of war and peace Ø Send and receive ambassadors Ø Enter into treaties Ø Borrow money Ø Coin or create money Ø Build a navy Ø Raise an army by asking states for troops Ø Fix uniform standards of weights and measures Ø Settle disputes among the states Ø Establish post offices What powers are missing from this list? © EMC Publishing, LLC

Negative Results of the Articles of Confederation Ø Conducting business with other countries and among states became difficult. Ø Economic instability began. Ø A fear of popular tyranny developed. (Popular tyranny is a political situation in which the people have too much power. ) Ø Daniel Shays led farmers in a rebellion against foreclosures; this protest became known as Shays’s Rebellion. © EMC Publishing, LLC

Chapter 2 Origins of American Government Section 4 Creating the Constitution

Creating a Constitution Ø A national convention was held in Philadelphia in 1787 to: • Revise the Articles of Confederation • Create a new form of government Ø Thomas Jefferson called the convention “an assembly of demigods” because the delegates were educated, powerful, and wealthy citizens. Ø Some colonial leaders believed that the convention was illegal and did not attend. © EMC Publishing, LLC

Federalism Ø Federalism: A government in which states share power and sovereignty with a national government and therefore have fewer rights Ø Federalists: Those who approve federalism Ø Anti-Federalists: Those who fear the power of a central government © EMC Publishing, LLC

Large States versus Small States The New Jersey Plan The Virginia Plan William Paterson, author James Madison, author Unicameral legislature Bicameral legislature One state, one vote; Representation determined representation not based on by population Multiple executives Single executive National judiciary State law is supreme National law is supreme © EMC Publishing, LLC

The Great Compromise Also known as the Connecticut Compromise Ø Was adapted from the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan Ø Created a strong federal structure to manage the country Ø Called for a single executive and a national legislature with two houses: • First house = House of Representatives, based on population • Second house = Senate, with two representatives from each state © EMC Publishing, LLC

The Ratification Fight… Ø For approval, the Constitution needed to be signed by 9 of 13 states. Ø Both Federalists and Anti-Federalists tried convincing the public and state leaders of their beliefs regarding ratification. © EMC Publishing, LLC

Federalists versus Anti-Federalists Ø Favored ratification Ø Believed that people should be in charge of government Ø Believed that the average person should not have too much power Ø Supported a strong central government with built-in protections to prevent tyranny © EMC Publishing, LLC

Federalists versus Anti-Federalists Ø Opposed ratification Ø Believed that government should be kept small and local Ø Feared a strong central government with no accountability to the people Ø Supported a bill of rights to protect states and people © EMC Publishing, LLC

Ratification of the Constitution Ø Before they would ratify the Constitution, several states demanded that 10 amendments be added to it. Ø Those 10 amendments are called the Bill of Rights. Ø The Bill of Rights lists limits on the power of the central government. © EMC Publishing, LLC

The Final Vote State Date of Ratification 1 Delaware December 7, 1787 2 Pennsylvania December 12, 1787 3 New Jersey December 18, 1787 4 Georgia January 2, 1788 5 Connecticut January 9, 1788 6 Massachusetts (including Maine) February 7, 1788 7 Maryland April 28, 1788 © EMC Publishing, LLC

The Final Vote State Date of Ratification 8 South Carolina May 23, 1788 9 New Hampshire June 21, 1788 10 Virginia June 26, 1788 11 New York July 26, 1788 12 North Carolina November 21, 1789 13 Rhode Island May 29, 1790 © EMC Publishing, LLC

Test Questions Ø Explain how the qualifications for voting in colonial America determined the make-up of the voting public. Ø Why is the Three-Fifths Compromise described as “a triumph of politics, if not humanity. ” Ø What was the Article of Confederation? Why didn’t it last as the constitution? Ø What is the difference between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan? Ø What are some similarities and differences between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists? © EMC Publishing, LLC