Gordons Personal View of The Early Days of

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Gordon’s Personal View of The Early Days of Digital… DECWorld, 16 June 2001 Gordon

Gordon’s Personal View of The Early Days of Digital… DECWorld, 16 June 2001 Gordon Bell gbell@microsoft. com http: //www. research. microsoft. com/~gbell

Whirlwind c 1953 … 1 st generation, 16 -bit word; 4 KB memory; 8

Whirlwind c 1953 … 1 st generation, 16 -bit word; 4 KB memory; 8 K drum Whirlwind begot TX-O/TX-2 begot DEC PDP-1 Real time, first compiler, ECAD, text editor

Whirlwind console, drum, 1 Kw core

Whirlwind console, drum, 1 Kw core

SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment) Operator Console

SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment) Operator Console

TX-0 Console c 1959… one of the first transistorized personal computers Speech, handwriting recognition,

TX-0 Console c 1959… one of the first transistorized personal computers Speech, handwriting recognition, neuro data analysis, etc. Interactive editors, debuggers, etc.

MIT Speech group with TX-0, c 1959.

MIT Speech group with TX-0, c 1959.

DEC Computer before PDP-11 1957 1961 1963

DEC Computer before PDP-11 1957 1961 1963

DEC PDP-1 c 1961

DEC PDP-1 c 1961

DEC PDP-1 c 1961 Being tested Building ?

DEC PDP-1 c 1961 Being tested Building ?

PDP-1 Production Line c 1962

PDP-1 Production Line c 1962

Livermore Labs machine: they bought one of everything in our virtual catalog

Livermore Labs machine: they bought one of everything in our virtual catalog

Wes Clark & LINC c 1962: Personal computers for bio-medical research

Wes Clark & LINC c 1962: Personal computers for bio-medical research

PDP-4

PDP-4

PDP-5 c 1964: PDP-8 predecessor Process control, real time experiments. Fortran in 4 K,

PDP-5 c 1964: PDP-8 predecessor Process control, real time experiments. Fortran in 4 K, 12 bit words

PDP- 5: as pulse height analyzer

PDP- 5: as pulse height analyzer

PDP-8 Modules

PDP-8 Modules

PDP-8: first mini First OEM computer. OS/8 (from timesharing) begot RT-11 begot CPM

PDP-8: first mini First OEM computer. OS/8 (from timesharing) begot RT-11 begot CPM

Gbell as old man, with LINC and PDP-8 c 1965

Gbell as old man, with LINC and PDP-8 c 1965

PDP-8/E

PDP-8/E

PDP-8 and Linc Family Tree

PDP-8 and Linc Family Tree

PDP-8 12 bit word price (t)

PDP-8 12 bit word price (t)

Timesharing: giving everyone their own, low cost, personal computer

Timesharing: giving everyone their own, low cost, personal computer

PDP-6 with GB at the console

PDP-6 with GB at the console

PDP-6 c 1965 : First commercial time shared computer. Gbell & Alan Kotok

PDP-6 c 1965 : First commercial time shared computer. Gbell & Alan Kotok

PDP-6 team

PDP-6 team

Gordon’s Packaging Folly: double sided connectors for PDP-6

Gordon’s Packaging Folly: double sided connectors for PDP-6

PDP-6/10/ DECsystem 10/20 family tree

PDP-6/10/ DECsystem 10/20 family tree

Minis and timesharing contributions • Editors, calculators, interactive debuggers, • • interpreters, including mail

Minis and timesharing contributions • Editors, calculators, interactive debuggers, • • interpreters, including mail and chat from timesharing Minis established embedded computers, importance of I/O to interconnect anything Space. War demonstrated interactive graphics and settled lots of later law suits OEM Distribution and marketing model… Harlan Anderson, after Tecumseh SCO’s all-in-one module and computer handbooks…

Equating yourself to the average “user/buyer” is risky. . . unless you’re an average

Equating yourself to the average “user/buyer” is risky. . . unless you’re an average user like me. G. Bell

Why didn’t Digital lead personal computers? That’s another story…

Why didn’t Digital lead personal computers? That’s another story…

There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home. Ken Olsen

There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home. Ken Olsen President, Chairman and founder of Digital, 1977

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