Good Morning QOD Why do you feel absolutism

Good Morning • QOD: Why do you feel absolutism worked under the reign of Louis XIV? Why successful? • Goal: Identify how Peter the Great modernized and expanded Russian control in Central • Monday- DEBATE LOUIS XIV • Next week- you will have your FIRST TAKE HOME DBQ…. . details to follow

Early Russia

Early Byzantine Influences: Orthodox Christianity

Early Byzantine Influences: Orthodox Christianity

Early Byzantine Influences: Cyrillic Alphabet

Russian Boyars

Themes in Russian History ¯ Expansion by conquest. § Need for warm-water ports. ¯ The necessity of a strong, central government.

Ivan the Great (r. 1462 -1505) Ivan III Tearing the Great Khan’s Letter Requesting More Tribute in 1480.

Michael Romanov (r. 1613 -1645)

Romanov Dynasty (1613 -1917) Romanov Family Crest

The Pendulum of Russian History Pro-West For Progress & Change Encourage New Ideas, Technologies, etc. Anti-West Isolationist Ultra-Conservative § A few Tsars § Most Tsars § Intellectual elites § Russian Orthodox Church § Merchants/businessmen § Young members of the middle class. § Military § Boyars § peasants

Peter the Great (r. 1682 -1725)

Peter the Great • Stood at 6’ 8’’ • Ruled for 12 years with his brother who was mentally retarded • First wife- he found her hideous, and ended their marriage, putting her in a monastery for life • Second wife, Catherine I- had 11 kids!? • Younger years- Peter was a jokester – Told dirty jokes – Offended people at times • Ruthless- known for having “beard cutting” ceremonies, even ripped beards out of men’s chins. Gave men a “beard tax” • Had his own son, Alexei, executed for liberal ideas • Loved fashion!!! Everything “westernized”

Peter’s Reign- additional info C 15 pages 461 -463 • Achievements: – Westernizing Russia • Styles, clothes, ideas • Universities – Powerful NAVY – St. Petersburg- new capital of Russia • Built Imperial Palace(modeled after Versailles) – Expanded Russian territory – Trade- warm water ports needed and he got them!

Control • Ruthless! – Executed those against him including his son Alexei! – Beard Tax • Taxed the Boyars (nobles for their long beards) • Ripped them out of men’s chins if they did not pay taxes/remove them – Taxation on peasants – Forced peasants and serfs into army – Crushed Streltsy rebellion (military)

Government views and decisions • Created a Senate – Supervised when he was away in W. E. • Russia divided into provinces with officials in charge – His way or else still!

WAR • Sweden!! – Smashed the Swedes and gained control of the Baltic – 8, 000 Swedes vs Russia’s 40, 000 men

Russia & Sweden After the Great Northern War