Good Manufacturing Practice Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning

Good Manufacturing Practice Heating, Ventilation and Air. Conditioning (HVAC) Part 2: 1 HVAC systems and components Section 7

HVAC Objectives In the following slides, we will study the components of airhandling systems in order to: 1. Become familiar with the components 2. Know their functions 3. Become aware of possible problems 2

HVAC General Design of HVAC is dependent on required degree of air cleanliness Suitable components should be selected including: fans, driers, filters, ducts, grilles, etc. 7. 3

HVAC Main subsystems Exhaust air treatment Fresh air treatment (make-up air) + Terminal air treatment at production room level Production Room Central air handling unit 4

HVAC Components in HVAC may include, depending on need: Filters Fans Driers no fan failure; including supply air fans, return air fans, exhaust air fan, dust extract system fans Drying of air with chemical driers, e. g. rotating desiccant wheel Frost coils for preheating air 7. 1. 1 – 7. 1. 7 5

HVAC Components in HVAC may include, depending on need: Snow eliminators Dust eliminators Moisture eliminators Precooling coils Alarm systems, grilles/diffusers, etc. 7. 1. 1 – 7. 1. 7 6

HVAC Overview components Exhaust Air Grille Silencer Weather louvre Flow rate controller Fan Control damper + Humidifier Prefilter Heating coil Cooling coil with droplet separator Filter Secondary Filter Recirculated air Heater Terminal filter Production Room 7

HVAC Components (1) Weather louvre Silencer Flow rate controller To prevent insects, leaves, dirt and rain from entering To reduce noise caused by air circulation Automated adjustment of volume of air (night and day, pressure control) Fixed adjustment of volume of air Control damper 8

HVAC Components (2) Heating unit Cooling unit/ dehumidifier Humidifier Filters Ducts To heat the air to the proper temperature To cool the air to the required temperature or to remove moisture from the air To bring the air to the proper humidity, if too low To eliminate particles of predetermined dimensions and/or microorganisms To transport the air 9

HVAC Air-handling unit CONTROL DAMPER FOR AIRFLOW Humid room air Adsorber wheel Regeneration air De-humidification Dry air AHU with fan Variable Speed Controller Humid room air Air heater Filter Pressure Gauges 10

HVAC HUMIDIFIER COOLING UNITS SILENCER HEATING AND 11

HVAC FILTER CLASSES Dust filters Standard Aerosol Coarse Fine Dp > 10 µ m > Dp > 1 µ m G 1 - G 4 F 5 - F 9 EN 779 Standard HEPA ULPA Dp < 1 µ m H 11 - 13 U 14 - 17 EN 1822 Standard 12

HVAC HEPA or tertiary filter Primary panel filter Secondary filter 13

HVAC

HVAC Positioning of filters (1) AHU mounted final filter Filter in terminal position HEPA Filter + Production Room HEPA Filter 15

HVAC Positioning of filters (2) Prefilter AHU Main filter Ceiling exhausts 1 2 3 Low level exhausts 16

HVAC Positioning of filters (3) Final filter AHU Prefilter 1 2 17

HVAC 1 2 3 4 SWIRL TYPE AIR DIFFUSORS WITH TERMINAL FILTERS 1 2 3 4 Filter Tightening frame Register outlet Screw fixation for register 18

HVAC High induction office type diffusor (avoid) Low induction swirl diffusor (preferred) 19

HVAC REGULATION OF ROOM PRESSURE – PRESSURE DIFFERENTIALS CONCEPT Room pressure gauges Room pressure indication panel 20

HVAC Problems with components Flow rate controller Control damper Humidifier Cooling battery Filters Ducts Blocked Poorly adjusted, bad pressure differential system Bad water/steam quality/ poor drainage No elimination of condensed water/ poor drainage Incorrect retention rate/damaged/badly installed Inappropriate material/internal insulator leaking 21

HVAC In the next slides Consider different air types, e. g. : Supply air Return air (recirculated air) Fresh air (make-up air) Exhaust air And: Concepts of air delivery to production areas: Recirculation systems Full fresh-air systems 22

HVAC Air types Fresh air (make-up air) Supply air + Exhaust air Production Room Return air (recirculated) 23

HVAC Recirculation systems There should be no risk of contamination and cross-contamination when air is recirculated Normally, HEPA filters (EN 1822 H 13) needed in supply air stream Not required in single product facility with no risk of cross-contamination Not required where no dust generation (e. g. secondary packaging) HEPA filters placed in AHU or terminally Dust from highly toxic processes should not be recirculated 7. 2. 1 – 7. 2. 6 24

HVAC Ventilation with recirculated air + make-up air Exhaust Unit Central Air-Handling Unit Return air 25

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HVAC Full fresh-air systems 100% fresh air - normally where toxic products are processed, and recirculation not recommended No contamination from fresh air – sufficient filtration needed Degree of filtration on exhaust dependent on exhaust air contaminants and environment regulations Energy-recovery wheels Should not be source of contamination Relative pressure between supply and exhaust air 7. 3. 1 – 7. 3. 3 27

HVAC Ventilation with 100% fresh air (no air recirculation) Washer (optional) Exhaust Unit W Central Air-Handling Unit Production Rooms 28

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FINISH PART 2 30