Golgi Apparatus The mailman of the cell Picks

Golgi Apparatus • The mailman of the cell • Picks up and labels products made by the cell and delivers them to the correct part of the cell

Cytoskeleton • Microtubules - larger tubes made of protein that help hold the cell’s shape like tent poles • Microfilaments • smaller, more delicate • protein strands that • hold organelles in • place

Making Proteins • • • The single most important job of each cell is to make PROTEIN! • DNA has all the instructions to make them BUT, DNA is not allowed to leave the nucleus! • So, it must give the instructions to another nucleic acid, RNA which is allowed to leave the nucleus

• There are three types of RNA found in a cell: – 1. Messenger RNA (m. RNA) • Job: Transcription – 2. Transfer RNA (t. RNA) • Job: Translation – 3. Ribosomal RNA (r. RNA) • Job: assembly

Transcription (m. RNA) • The first step is transcription • DNA acts as a template for a short strand of RNA to be copied

Translation (t. RNA) • Next, the m. RNA is translated • m. RNA move through ribosomes where t. RNA translates sections of base pairs into amino acids – Amino acids are the ‘building blocks’ of life – They tell the protein how to fold

• After the t. RNA has made some amino acids, they are connected together to form a protein by r. RNA • This protein has a specific job to do within the cell – for instance: Hair color proteins are only found in hair cells

Cellular Movement • Cilia: short hair-like structures that cover part of or the entire organism • flagella: long whip like structures that propel an organism forward • Pseudopodia: organism will extend it’s cell membrane towards food and pull the rest of it behind

Prokaryotic Cells • Prokaryotic Cells are very simple cells • They DO NOT have a nucleus to hold their DNA • Do NOT have organelles • Mostly bacteria are in this group

Eukaryotic cells • Eukaryotic cells are modern cells • They DO contain a nucleus to hold DNA • Also have many tiny organs to help the cell survive called organelles

The End