Golden Age of Athens 1 Architecture Three architectural
- Slides: 49
Golden Age of Athens
1. Architecture �Three architectural orders • Doric • Ionic • Corinthian �Seeking �Great harmony and balance influence in later architectural forms: Renaissance, Greek Revival (Neoclassic)
1. Architecture: Doric order
1. Architecture: Doric order
1. Architecture: Doric order Summary of features: • Simple capitols • Wide, solid columns • Divided frieze (into metopes and triglyphs)
2. Architecture: Ionic order
2. Architecture: Ionic order
2. Architecture: Ionic order �Summary of features: • More slender columns • Capitol in the shape of a volute • Undivided frieze
3. Architecture: Corinthian order
3. Architecture: Corinthian order
3. Architecture: Corinthian order �Summary of features: • Acanthus leaves in capitol • Undivided frieze
Which is which? Ionic Corinthian Doric
Harmony vs. dynamism
American Neoclassical Architecture
4. Athens and the Acropolis � Athens reemerges from the Persian wars as a ruling power. � The treasury of the Delian league is transferred to Athens. � Pericles starts the reconstruction of the Acropolis (430 -420 BCE).
4. The Acropolis today
4. The Acropolis (reconstruction)
5. The Propylea
6. Temple of Athena Nike
7. Statue of Athena Promachos
7. The Erechtheion Porch of the Maidens
8. The Parthenon
8. The Parthenon
9. Statue of Anthena Parthenos
10. Parthenon: Pediment Athena and Poseidon fighting to become the protectors of Athens. Birth of Athena (from Zeus’ head)
10. Parthenon: Pediment
10. Metopes
11. Parthenon: Frieze � Pediment � Metopes � Frieze of the cella (inside the colonnade)
11. Parthenon: Frieze (Panathenaic procession)
11. Parthenon: Frieze (Panathenaic procession)
12. The Parthenon’s significance �Public building project �Athena as protector of Athens �Political ideology regarding the barbaroi : iconography �Political ideology: Panathenaic festival and the community: civic pride/identity �Artistic arete : best architects (Ictinus, Callicrates and Mnesicles) and sculptor (Phidias)
13. Sculpture �Archaic Style �Severe Style �High Classical Style �Fourth Century Style �Hellenistic (6 th century) (early 5 th century) (4 th century) (3 rd- 2 nd centuries)
13. Archaic Style (6 th century)
13. Archaic Style � Rigidity � Frontality � Symmetry � Egyptian influence � Interest in human body � No motion � Archaic smile � Kouros, kore th (6 century)
14. Severe Style (early 5 th century)
14. Severe Style (early 5 th century) � Interest in human body � Contrapposto � More relaxed posture � No motion
15. High Classical Style (5 th century)
15. High Classical Style (5 th century) � Depiction of the perfect human body � Canon of proportions � Restrained motion � Contrapposto � Incipient curve � Doryphoros (450 -440 BCE, by Polykleitos)
15. High Classical Style (5 th century) Pediment of the Parthenon ( 448 -442 BCE ) by Phidias Diskobolos (460 -450 BCE) by Myron
15. High Classical Style (5 th century)
10. Sculpture A B C D
10. Sculpture Archaic kouros (B) Severe style (C) Classical Period (A) Hellenistic (D)
16. Athens: theater of Dionysius
17. Greek theater � Dionysia: competition in Athens � 3 tragedies and one satyr-play � Chorus: group who dances and sings
17. Greek theater � Actors: Only 3 or 4. � Actors: Males wearing masks
17. Greek theater Tragedy: �Theme: Mortals cannot escape pain and sorrow �Objective: • To arouse pity and horror • Cathartic (purging) effect �Themes: legends of ancient dynasties �Originality lies in the treatment not in the plot
17. Greek theater Main Athenian dramatists: Aeschylus Sophocles Euripides Aristophanes Persians, Oresteia Antigone, Oedipus Medea Lysistrata (comedy)
18. Athens and Sparta in 435