GOLD NANOPARTICLES AS A CANCER TREATMENT BY CELIA

GOLD NANOPARTICLES AS A CANCER TREATMENT BY: CELIA DUNN

BACKGROUND OF CANCER TREATMENTS • Egypt 3000 B. C. • 1761 – First Autopsy • 19 th Century- Birth of Oncology • In 1915, Scientists at Tokyo University induced cancer in lab animals for the first time • Current Cancer Treatments Include: Surgery, Radiation, Chemotherapy, Hormone Therapy, Immune Therapy, and Targeted Therapy

STATISTICS • Over 50 Different Types of Cancer • Over 12 Million People Impacted Globally • Almost 2 Million Diagnoses in the U. S. Alone – 35% Death Rate

THE PROBLEM • Tumors can get wrapped around other organs and bone which can make them inoperable and require extensive treatments which are extremely harsh on healthy cells.

TWO EXPERIMENTS 1 - Swinburne University of Technology 2 - Rice University

SWINBURNE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY • Used Gold Nanoparticles to Amplify Hypothermia in Cells

HOW IT WORKS 1 - Gold Nanoparticles Infect Cancer Cells 2 - High Heat FLMS Laser Pulses are Sent into Tumor Site and Hit Gold Nanoparticles 3 - Gold Nanoparticles Heat up and Cause Major Damage in Cells - HYPERTHERMIA 4 - Cell Death

RICE UNIVERSITY • Used Gold Nanoparticles to Develop “quadrapeutics”

“QUADRAPEUTICS” • 1. LASER PULSE • 2. X-RAYS (3 -6 PERCENT OF A TYPICAL RADIATION DOSE) • 3. GOLD NANOPARTICLES • 4. DRUGS

HOW IT WORKS • 1. Low Dose of Chemotherapy Drug – Tags Cancer Cells • 2. Inject Gold Nanoparticles • 3. Low Heat Near-Infrared Laser Pulse • Nano Particles Turn into Nanobubbles • 4. Low Dose of Radiation • RESULTS: Intracellular Explosions • 17 Times More Efficient than Chemoradiation Therapy

SUCESS • SUCCESFULLY REMOVED TUMORS IN MICE

DIFFERENCES • 1 - Swinburne University of Technology • • • Relies on high heat lasers Does not use Drugs Kills More Healthy Cells than the Rice University Experiment • 2 - Rice University • • • Uses Low Heat Lasers Uses Drugs Kills Less Healthy Cells than the Swinburne University of Technology Experiment

RISKS • Could Kill too Many Healthy Cells • Cause Major Tissue Damage to Organs

FUTURE • MOVE INTO CLINICAL TRIALS • CURE FOR INOPERABLE TUMORS • CURE FOR HARD TO TREAT CANCERS • LUNG, BRAIN, PROSTATE, ETC. .

REFERENCES • Facts, Cancer. & Figures 2014 (n. d. ): n. pag. American Cancer Society. ACS, 2014. Web. 19 Sept. 2014. • For Written Permission, Address The Legal Department Of, The American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Nw, , and Ga 30303 -1002 Atlanta. "Global Cancer Facts and Figures. " Global Cancer (n. d. ): n. pag. American Cancer Society. ACS, 2011. Web. 19 Sept. 2014. • Johnson, Dexter. "Cancer Bursting Nanobubbles Prove Effectiveness in Preclinical Trials. " - IEEE Spectrum, June-July 2014. Web. 19 Sept. 2014. • Li, Jing-Liang, and Min Gu. "Gold-Nanoparticle-Enhanced Cancer Photothermal Therapy. " IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 16. 4 (2010): 989 -94. Web. • Lukianova-Hleb, Ekaterina, Xiangwei Wu, Xiaoyang Ren, Vladimir Torchilin, and Rupa Sawant. "Rice-developed Technology Effective Against Aggressive Cancer. " Rice University News & Media. N. p. , n. d. Web. 19 Sept. 2014. • "The History of Cancer. " The History of Cancer. N. p. , n. d. Web. 21 Sept. 2014. • Pictures: • • http: //www. lemmo. com/hyperthermia-background/ http: //www. ihd-wallpapers. com/world-map-pics-1736/ http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Lab_mouse_mg_3216. jpg http: //mobileintensiveprayerunit. blogspot. com/2011_06_01_archive. html