GOESR Direct Readout Implications Richard G Reynolds GOESR

GOES-R Direct Readout Implications Richard G. Reynolds GOES-R Ground Segment Project 4 th GOES User Conference “Session 5: GOES-R User Readiness” 8: 30 -10: 15 am / Wednesday November 4 An update of the presentation to the Direct Readout Users Conference By Wilfred E. Mazur Jr. - December 11, 2008 1

Topics • • • Direct Readout Services GOES-R Program Status New Instruments for GOES-R Frequency Plan Implications to Communications Services – – – – GRB and Dual Polarization GRB Receive Systems EMWIN & LRIT Become HRIT/EMWIN Emulated GVAR (e. GVAR) DCS SARSAT Multi-Use Data Link (MDL) 2

Direct Readout Services Overview GOES Rebroadcast (GRB) High Rate Information Transmission / Emergency Managers Weather Information Network Emulated GOES Variable (e. GVAR) Data Collection System (DCS) (HRIT/EMWIN) Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking (SARSAT) 3

GOES-R Program Status • Instrument Contracts – ABI / SUVI / EXIS / SEISS / GLM – All Under Contract • Spacecraft Contract – July 22. 2009 – Lockheed-Martin – Denver, Colorado NNG 07193033 J, NNG 08193033 R / http: //prod. nais. nasa. gov/cgi-bin/eps/bizops. cgi? gr=D&pin=51 • Ground Segment Contract – May 27, 2009 – Harris Corporation – Melbourne, Florida DG 133 E-08 -RP-0068 http: //www. fedbizopps. gov • Antenna System Acquisition – October 22, 2009 – Proposals Received • GOES-R Access Subsystem (GAS) / Ancillary Data Relay System (ADRS) / HRIT/EMWIN “Domain-5” Upgrade / Data Collection System IF Compatibility – Soon – RFP Release • GOES-R Launch Readiness Date – September 2015 GOES-S Launch Readiness Date -- February 2017 4

GOES-West 137° West GOES-East 75° West a Dat & nd ma m o c ta o tr on Da Direct Readout Users ata d l, C Remote Backup Facility Fairmont, WV Command & control, data NOAA Satellite Operations Facility Suitland, MD Command Data Acquisition Station Wallops, VA 06/19/2008 v 2 GOES-R System Configuration • 5 5

Instrument Performance 6

Instrument Data Delivery 7

Instrument Raw Data Rate Comparison 8

GOES-R Frequency Plan DOWNLINKS (RAW DATA DOWNLINK AT 8220 MHz NOT SHOWN) HRIT/EMWIN BPSK 1697. 4 MHz DCPC CDMA SAR 468. 775 MHz FDM 468. 825 MHz 1544. 550 MHz DCPR FDM 1683. 3 MHz 1683. 6 MHz GRB (dual pol) 1690. 0 MHz CDA Telemetry BPSK 1696. 3 MHz DSN Telem & Rng BPSK/PM 2211. 04 MHz Radiosondes 1675 to 1683 MHz 470 1545 1670 1675 1680 DCPC CDMA 2032. 775 MHz 2032. 825 MHz UPLINKS DCPR FDM/8 PSK 401. 9 MHz 402. 2 MHz 400 1685 SAR FDM/Bi-Φ 406. 05 MHz 405 EMWIN-LRIT BPSK 2028. 4 MHz 2025 1690 1695 Command BPSK 2034. 2 MHz 2035 7210 2210 GRB (dual pol) 7220. 0 MHz Command Ranging BPSK 2036. 0 MHz 2030 1700 7215 7220 7225 9

GOES[-R] Rebroadcast (GRB) • Provides full resolution products from all instruments – All data will be calibrated and navigated (“Level 1 b”) – Except … GLM will be higher level products (“Level 2+”) • “Events, ” “Groups, ” and “Flashes” • Replaces current GVAR service – 31 Mbps vs. 2. 1 Mbps – DRO receive systems specified for same size antennas (G/T of 15. 2 d. B/K), however with significant changes: • • • New center frequency 1690. 0 MHz vs. 1685. 7 MHz High-level modulation (e. g. QPSK, OQPSK or 8 -PSK, TBD) vs. BPSK Dual polarization – requiring feed changes and dual receiver chain CCSDS packet formatting Forward error detection coding (LDPC) to reduce required C/No. DVB-S 2 link characteristics and compatibility under consideration – System specified for 2. 5 d. B margin 10

GOES[-R] Rebroadcast (GRB) (Continued) • LHCP to provide subset of imagery (ABI … 0. 64, 3. 9, 6. 185, 7. 34, 11. 2, 12. 3, 13. 3 micron channels); • RHCP to provide remaining 9 ABI channels, plus all other instruments 11

GRB 99. 99% Availability Coverage Interference Level Interference level could be exceeded in the DARK BLUE area GOES West 0. 01% Exceedence of 22 d. B interference level based on “Initial Bound Equation” determined by the conducted measurements and the ITU-R 0. 01% rain rate for given areas in the GOES antenna footprint. GOES East Some locations near the equator may experience a reduced, but positive, margin under expected worst case conditions 12

One Concept for a GRB Small User Receive System Downconverter Data & Demodulator Aggregator Antenna & Feed Filter 90 deg Hybrid LNA Demodulator RHCP Data Handling Filter LNA LHCP DVB-S 2* PCI Card Receiver Demodulator Storage ~$750/polarization – $~300 for a PCI-Card –$450 for an equivalent new PC from Dell Data Aggregator $450 for an equivalent new PC from Dell 13

Emulated GVAR (e. GVAR) • As a contingency capability, and to give users additional time to transition from GVAR to GRB, e. GVAR will provide GOES-R Imagery to Users capable of receiving today’s GVAR data stream – Will be broadcast through a GOES I/P Series Satellite – The signal will have the GVAR characteristics: • Same transmit frequency (1685. 7 MHz) and power levels • Same GVAR data rate (2. 11 Mbps) and format • Five Similar Imager channel wavelengths (Based on ABI channels 0. 64, 4. 9, 6. 19, 11. 2, 13. 3 µm) • Imagery will be mapped to GOES NOP temporal and spatial resolution • No Sounder data • One full-earth disk every 30 -minutes – No Mesoscale data – No “Rapid Scan; ” No “Super Rapid Scan” 14

Emulated GVAR (e. GVAR) (Continued) – Not an option for long-term use – Will only be operational based on assessments of end user readiness near the time for GOES-R operations: • Presumes a spare satellite is available • Users must not be lax in preparing for actual GOES-R (i. e. , GRB) readiness 15

e. GVAR & GRB Flows GOES-R Satellite GOES-I/P Series Satellite GOESN/O/P RF Product Generation Product Gen GOES-N/O/P SSGS e. GVAR User GRB e. GVAR & GRB Legend Instrument Raw Data downlink GRB relay uplink e. GVAR relay uplink GRB RF Broadcast e. GVAR RF Broadcast Terrestrial/Network Comm GRB User 16

HRIT/EMWIN • Successor to individual Low Rate Image Transmission broadcast (LRIT) and the Emergency Managers Weather Information Network broadcast (EMWIN) combined onto one carrier. • Frequency change from 1691. 0 MHz/1692. 7 MHz to 1694. 7 MHz • Higher data rate … 921 Kbps) • Provides growth path for both Services to a combined 400 Kbps – LRIT currently 128 Kbps – EMWIN currently: – 9. 6 Kbps (GOES 11&12), 19. 2 Kbps for GOES 13 -15. • Will utilize BPSK modulation w/ convolutional and Reed. Solomon coding – Same as LRIT, but higher data rate – Allows maximum EIRP from satellite due to Power Spectral Density restrictions – EMWIN Users modulation type changes from uncoded FSK (GOES I-M) and from coded OQPSK (GOES-NOP) to coded BPSK at much higher data rate. 17

HRIT/EMWIN (Continued) • Name change to High Rate Information Transmission (HRIT) required by CGMS categorization of services • Virtual Channel Data Units used to separate HRIT and EMWIN data – CCSCS Virtual channels as used in LRIT today • Prototype “Software Defined Radio” developed and demonstrated: – One hardware/software configuration can receive all current and future EMWIN, LRIT and HIRT/EMWIN signals with NO hardware changes or upgrades (GOES I-S compatible). No user transition necessary. – Technology demonstration to proves low cost, PC-based terminals are possible for all data rates and modulation types – Performance data, Hardware design and software design is available on WWW. GOES-R. GOV – Development performed for GOES-R Program by Aerospace Corp. – Presentation and Demonstrations provided last night 18

HRIT/EMWIN Ground Data Flow (Per satellite) GOES-R GS RF Up/Down Ant. /RF HRIT/EMWIN Uplink & Signal Monitoring IF Switch IF Modulation Uplink Processor (Domain 5) WCDAS HRIT/EMWIN CCSDS TCP/IP Comm Processor NSOF (Domain 4) RBU EMWIN From NWS HRIT From ESPC RF Up/Down Ant. /RF HRIT/EMWIN Uplink & Signal Monitoring IF Switch IF Modulation Uplink Processor (Domain 5) HRIT/EMWIN CCSDS TCP/IP (B/U) GOES-R GS 19

GOES Data Collection System • 20

GOES Data Collection System • GOES-DCS consists of two communication Services: – Data Collection Platform Receive (DCPR) – Data Collection Command (DCPC) … Previously “Interrogate” (DCPI) • GOES-R will support the ongoing evolution toward greater channel efficiency and system capacity – Narrower DCPR channel assignments allowing both East and West satellites to each support 200 simultaneous platform signals, with a total system capacity of about 72, 000 platforms – A new DCPC service, based on CDMA techniques, currently in prototype development. This user-funded development concept will allow one command channel on each GOES NOP Series satellite and two channels on each GOES-R Series satellite • Direct Broadcast of DCPR to User systems having 15. 0 G/T will continue to be supported, but …. 21

GOES Data Collection System (Continued) • Summary of Changes to GOES-DCS for GOES-R Series: – DCP uplink transmit power reduced, in accordance with latest DCP Certification Specifications – DCPR uplink frequencies will be unchanged – DCPR Downlink frequencies will be shifted from 1694. 51694. 8 MHz to 1683. 3 -1683. 6 MHz • Will require change in channel demodulator frequency – DCPI becomes DCPC: • Will be compatible with on-going User-funded developments compatible with current satellites • Able to support a second DCPC channel 22

SARSAT • 23

SARSAT • Signal characteristics of the SARSAT service will be slightly modified for GOES-R: – Up and down-link center frequencies remain the same – GOES-R will transpond, rather than re-modulate, the up-link band – Will require configuration changes to the LUT receiver • To account for degraded Beacons, GOES-R will operate with 32 d. Bm uplink power (versus 36 d. Bm for GOES-NOP) – Provides improved capability to support beacons with weak signals – Transponder will also operate with a minimum of 10 uplink beacons simultaneously – Conforms to COSPAS/SARSAT Specification T 001, Issue 3 Revision 8 dated Nov 2007 24

Other Changes of Potential Interest • All raw instrument data will be transmitted to the ground in X-Band vs. today’s S-Band – X-band provides ‘spot beam’ geographical coverage vs. hemispheric – Processed to Level 1 B and re-broadcast to users via the GRB link • Diagnostic telemetry will be available via a new higher data rate telemetry link (32 Kbps) – “CDA” telemetry downlink changes from 1694. 0 MHz to 1696. 3 MHz • The Multi-use Data Link (MDL) is eliminated for GOES -R Series 25

Summary • System requirements, communications requirements, and the Ground Segment architecture have been defined for the entire system, including Direct Readout Services • Detailed definition of communication link characteristics have not yet been fully finalized and will be refined through the Spacecraft and Ground Segment contract design processes … However the GOES-R baseline is: – GRB will replace all current forms of instrument data broadcast: • • Full resolution Geo-located Calibrated In essentially real-time – EMWIN and LRIT will be combined and enhanced to a higher data rate on a new downlink frequency – HRIT/EMWIN – DCS will remain largely the same, however DCPR downlink in L-Band will have a frequency shift – SARSAT will be essentially unchanged 26

Summary (Continued) • Documentation for the Direct Readout User community will be produced by the GOES-R Ground System contractor as CDRLs. – Of particular note, the GS Contractor (Harris Corporation) will be developing a Product User's Guide (PUG) that will include a section on building a GRB receive system 27

Back-up • 28

GOES N/O/P Frequency Plan DOWNLINKS DCPI BPSK 468. 825 MHz SAR FDM and ± 12. 5 k. Hz 1544. 550 MHz 470 1545 EMWIN QPSK 1692. 7 MHz Radiosondes use 1675 to 1683 MHz SD UQPSK 1676. 0 MHz 1670 1675 PDR MDL BPSK QPSK 1681. 478 MHz 1685. 7 MHz 1680 400 SAR FDM/Bi-Φ 406. 05 MHz 406. 025 MHz 405 PDR 2. 11 Mbps 2027. 7 MHz 2025 CDA Telem Bi-Φ 1694. 0 MHz DSN Telem BPSK/PM 2209. 086 MHz DCPR FDM/8 PSK 1694. 5 MHz 1694. 8 MHz 1685 UPLINKS DCPR FDM/8 PSK 401. 9 MHz 402. 2 MHz LRIT BPSK 1691. 0 MHz 1690 Command BPSK 2034. 2 MHz 1695 2210 EMWIN QPSK 2034. 7 MHz DCPI BPSK 2034. 8875 MHz 2034. 9000 MHz 2034. 9125 MHz LRIT BPSK 2033. 0 MHz 2030 1700 2035 29