Goddard Space Flight Center Engineering Excellence and the

Goddard Space Flight Center Engineering Excellence and the Implementation of the Technical Authority at the Goddard Space Flight Center Orlando Figueroa Director, Advanced Engineering & Technology 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 1

Agenda Goddard Space Flight Center • • • Changing NASA’s Organizational System GSFC’s - The Elements That Make Our Story a Successful One NASA’s Governance Model The AETD Organization Systems Engineering Education and Development Summary 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 2

Excerpts From The CAIB Report Goddard Space Flight Center • • “Signals were overlooked, people were silenced, and useful information and dissenting views on technical issues did not surface at higher levels. ” “An organization system failure calls for corrective measures that address all relevant levels of the organization, [but for all of its cutting edge technologies, diving catch rescues, and imaginative plans for the technology and the future of space exploration, NASA has shown very little understanding of the inner workings of its own organization]. ” “NASA structure changed as roles and responsibilities were transferred to contractors, which increased the dependence on the private sector for safety functions and risk assessment while simultaneously reducing the in-house capability to spot safety [and technical] risk issues. ” “When lives [and mission success] are on the line, flexibility and democratic process should take priority over bureaucratic response. ” 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 3

A History of Success Goddard Space Flight Center 1959 - 2005 14 1 1 1 4 3 2 5 4 3 3 4 4 4 1 3 3 3 2 1983 1 1981 1979 1977 1975 1971 1969 1967 1965 1963 1 5 2 1961 0 1 3 5 4 4 3 7 1 4 3 2 2005 4 4 1 2003 1 8 2001 6 8 9 1 1999 7 1 1 1 7 6 1997 1 1 9 1995 8 Successes 1973 4 3 3 6 1 1 2 10 1 9 1993 8 4 2 1991 10 1 1 1989 12 Launch Vehicle Failures 1987 13 1985 1 12 6 Spacecraft Failures 1 1959 Number of Launches 16 Year * Financial success through same period in low 90’s for things that we had direct control over 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 4

Fundamentals of System Design and Checks and Balances Goddard Space Flight Center System of Interest Enabling System Policies, Processes & Concepts Enabling System C ap ab il i ty System of Interest Enabling System Review & Reporting System Design 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 5

Project Mgr Integrates Team and is Accountable for Mission success Goddard Space Flight Center Primary authority and accountability Lead Project Systems Engineer Element A Manager Project Manager Element B Manager NASA Engineering Workforce System Assurance Manager Element n Manager Contractor Proj. Mgr. Contractor Engineering 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 6

Review and Reporting Goddard Space Flight Center Management Council integrates across all support needed to assess and ensure proper execution • Via monthly and life cycle event driven reviews • Assess project support, Engineering, S&MA, Science, • CFO, CIO, Procurement, Facility Operations, Security, etc GSFC Center Director Applied Engineering and Technology Directorate Director Flight Programs and Projects Director Office of System Safety and Mission Assurance Director Suborbital and Special Orbital Projects Director Division Chiefs Branch Heads Lead Systems Engineers Program/Project Managers Discipline Engineers Direct Report 9/17/2020 Technical Authority O. Figueroa Matrix Report System Assurance Managers Safety and Mission Assurance Discipline Engineers Report 7

Policy, Processes and Concepts Goddard Space Flight Center • Continuous monitoring by Engineering and S&MA organizations to ensure rigorous execution of technical requirements – ensure application of Agency policy documents – monthly status reviews, others as needed – strong technical requirements documents • e. g. GOLD rules, Goddard Environmental Verification Specification, Systems Engineering GPR, Mission Assurance Requirements, etc • Support structure by Flight Projects Directorate to ensure rigorous implementation of management processes and principles 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 8

Former Governance Model Goddard Space Flight Center NASA Administrator Office of Safety and Mission Assurance Director NASA Chief Engineer Mission Directorate Associate Administrator GSFC Center Director GSFC Chief Engineer Applied Engineering and Technology Directorate Director AETD Chief Engineer Division Chiefs Flight Programs and Projects Director Office of System Safety and Mission Assurance Director Suborbital and Special Orbital Projects Director Branch Heads Lead Systems Engineers Program/Project Managers System Assurance Managers Safety and Mission Assurance Discipline Engineers Direct Report 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 9

New Governance Model Goddard Space Flight Center NASA Administrator Office of Safety and Mission Assurance Director NASA Chief Engineer GSFC Center Director Mission Directorate Associate Administrator GSFC Chief Engineer Applied Engineering and Technology Directorate Director AETD Chief Engineer Div Chief Engineer Branch Heads Program/Project Managers Discipline Engineers Direct Report 9/17/2020 Office of System Safety and Mission Assurance Director Suborbital and Special Orbital Projects Director Division Chiefs Lead Systems Engineers TA Flight Programs and Projects Director Technical Authority O. Figueroa Matrix Report System Assurance Managers Safety and Mission Assurance Discipline Engineers Report 10

The Case for the “New” Governance Model Goddard Space Flight Center • Eliminate conflict of interests between programmatic content and institutional health • Balance of power between Program/Project Management, Engineering, Safety and Assurance • Provide independent channels of access to the Administrator’s Office to communicate issues or to appeal decisions that may be considered detrimental to mission success 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 11

AETD Organization Goddard Space Flight Center BUSINESS MANAGEMENT OFFICE - Code 501 Chief • Curtis Johnson (x 6 -6187) Associate • Elaine Slaugh Associate • Dona Mc. Kenney (28) GSFC TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT OFFICE Code 502 Chief • Peter Hughes* AET DIRECTORATE • Code 500 Director • Orlando Figueroa (x 6 -6218) Deputy Director • Thomas Magner (x 6 -6422) Deputy Planning & Dvpmt • B. Butterworth (x 6 -6185) Assistant for Eng Support – Stan Wojnar (x 6 -8776) Assistant for Business Development - Juan Roman GSFC Chief Technologist • Peter Hughes (x 6 -2342) Assistant for Wallops • Steve Nelson (x 7 -2396) TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER OFFICE - Code 504 Chief • Nona Cheeks (x 6 -5810)(5) (1311) (10) GSFC Chief Engineer • Steve Scott (x 6 -2529) AETD Chief Engineer • Tom Mc. Carthy* (x 6 -6422) Deputy AETD Chf Eng • Madeline Butler (x 6 -4806) MECHANICAL SYSTEMS DIVISION Code 540 Chief • Ken Hinkle (x 67101) Associate • Lee Niemeyer (285) Associate • Laura Milam INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS & TECHNOLOGY DIVISION (198) Code 550 Chief • Rich Barney (x 6 -7531) Assoc • Felicia Jones-Selden Assoc • Peter Maymon* INFORMATION SYSTEMS DIVISION 9/17/2020 (281) Code 580 Chief • Joe Hennessy (x 6 -8623) Associate • Martha Chu Associate • Barbara Pfarr ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DIVISION Code 560 Chief • John Day (x 65118) Associate • Fred Huegel Associate • Bob Lebair (261) MISSION ENGINEERING & SYSTEMS ANALYSIS DIVISION Code 590 Chief • Dennis Andrucyk (x 6 -8496) Associate • John Deily O. Figueroa Associate • Eric Isaac (223) *Acting 12

Tactical Thrusts/Health Metrics Goddard Space Flight Center • Safety • – Critical assessments and corrective action National Assets (Facilities and infrastructure) – Critical assessments and corrective action • Highly capable diverse workforce – – – • Tools for increased efficiency and effectiveness – – – • Managing diversity Strategic hiring policies Training and development Rewards and recognition Strategic technology development Hands-on experience Integrated Design Environment Human Capital Management (transition/available for new work, core competencies) Resource management (full cost environment) Capability Maturity for software development Systems Engineering Processes and Procedures Honoring commitments – Customer satisfaction – Technical and programmatic performance 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 13

AETD Median Age Compared to Center & Regional and National Aerospace Goddard Space Flight Center 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 14

AETD Age Distribution Compared to Center & MD Aerospace Goddard Space Flight Center 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 15

AETD Engineers Ethnic Diversity Goddard Space Flight Center 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 16

AETD Education Goddard Space Flight Center 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 17

AETD In-House Work Projects Goddard Space Flight Center MMS Spacecraft MMS Ground System 1323 – AETD Ceiling MMS IRAS* Express Pallet Dev GPM 1077 – Non-Supv Engineers & Technicians JWST ISIM-Structure LRO S/C SDO ST-5* ST-8* Aquarius* JWST ISIM-NIRCAM JWST ISIM-NIRSPEC 1/3 of Non-Supv Engineers & Technicians LOLA Instrument* MMS-FAST Plasma Instrument* SAM (w/o QMS)* SAM-QMS Instrument* *GSFC won through competition 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 18 As of 3/22/06; 3 pm

AETD Engineering Capability Areas Goddard Space Flight Center • Mission Systems Engineering – System/Mission Design and architecture – Requirements Management – Interface Management – Resource (mass, power, data rate) Management – Electrostatic Cleanliness – Magnetics Management – Verification and Validation – Reliability assessment – Technical risk management • • Instrument Systems Reliability System Verification Structural/Mechanical Thermal Power Electrical and Harness • • • • • Guidance & Navigation Propulsion Communications Command Data Handling Mechanisms Flight Software Ground Software Parts Engineering Materials Radiation Contamination Control Integration and Test Aerospace Technicians Test Systems Design Test Equipment Development Launch Vehicle Integration Facilities Management and Usage * Supported CEV Smart Buyer 90 day study in leadership capacity 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 19

Areas of Immediate Attention Goddard Space Flight Center • Development program for Systems Engineers – Cuts to didactic development component threaten • Facilities and infrastructure critical inventory – Threats to design and analysis tools • Focus hiring on fresh-outs to ensure longevity of competencies • Safety critical inventory and corrective action • Policies and procedures to implement NASA Systems Engineering Processes and Requirements (NPR 7123) • Policies and procedures to implement OCE/Technical Authority 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 20

The Systems Engineering Continuum Goddard Space Flight Center Discipline Systems Engineers Entry Level Mid Level Senior Level Project Systems Engineers Program Systems Engineers Fundamentals of Systems Engineering (Systems Design) System Engineers Education and Development (SEED) Jump Start 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 21

Demand for Highly Trained Systems Engineers Goddard Space Flight Center • The Demand for highly capable SEs – There is a growing shortage of highly capable Systems Engineers not only at Goddard, but for the entire Agency and in private industry. – The Supply is currently NOT meeting the Demand. – Attrition will always be with us (retirement, move on to Project Management, loss to other agencies, etc. ). • The Demand will continue – GSFC needs a reliable, continuing source of SEs who will grow into highly capable SEs in a minimum amount of time. – Administrator Griffin has stated that he wants to move Systems Engineering back into civil service in the Agency which will only increase demand for SEs Agencywide. (Note: With respect to Goddard, this has been the predominant method of systems engineering). 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 22

Developing the Systems Engineering Capability (1 of 2) Goddard Space Flight Center • Career path (metamorphosis) and outside hiring needs to be supplemented with a program to produce a greater number of well trained and highly capable SEs in a shorter amount of time. • The SEED program has been created to help develop the capabilities of about five System Engineers per year (2 year development program). 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 23

Developing the Systems Engineering Capability Goddard Space Flight Center System Engineering is a mindset built on – Education – Experience • Many years of the right experience. – Judgment • Knowledge of how to tap the correct resources to get the right answers and/or make the right decisions. – Training • Solid technical background, knowledge, and skills. – Big Picture/Whole Picture thinking – Effective Leadership 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 24

Systems Engineering Education & Development Program (SEED) Goddard Space Flight Center • Systems Engineering Education & Development (SEED) is a program to take mid-level discipline engineers and train them to become Systems Engineers. • Assignments and classes are selected to broaden the Participant’s experience across several disciplines, subsystems, and phases of the mission life cycle. • Program length is approximately 2 years, and the graduate receives a non-competitive consideration for any Goddard GS 14 systems engineering position (meets APPEL Level 3 requirements). 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 25

SEED Graduate Rate Goddard Space Flight Center O. Figueroa 3 Grads 1 Grad 5 Grads 9/17/2020 26

SEED Budget Requirements Goddard Space Flight Center History Future 1. SEEDling FTEs: 50% covered by Flight Projects 25% formal training 25% not funded by Projects 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 27

Summary Goddard Space Flight Center • A Legacy of excellence in the art and science of the engineering of systems Policies, Processes & Concepts C ap ab ili ty • A healthy, safe and highly capable diverse organization Knowledge & Skill of Workforce • A high performing fiscally responsible organization Tools & Methods 9/17/2020 O. Figueroa 28