goals in common and share common ways of

goals in common and share common ways of thinking and feeling. Composed of people who have one or more

Have regular contact with each other Share some ways of thinking, feeling, & behaving Take one another’s behavior into account Have one or more interests or goals in common

Social Categories Social Aggregate People who share a characteristic People in the same place at the same time

Primary Groups nal o i t o Em ort Supp • People who are emotionally close and know one another well • Seek one another’s company • Characterized by primary relationships: • intimate (small and repeated) • personal (face-to-face) • caring • fulfilling Socialization Conform ity

Secondary Groups • Impersonal interactions • Goal oriented Achieve a Goal • Characterized by secondary relationships that involve only parts of your personality Are these groups: • In regular contact? • Sharing ways of thinking, feeling, behaving? • Taking each other’s behavior into account? • Seeking a common goal?

YOU AND YOUR CLASSMATES ARE GOING TO ACT OUT THE ASSIGNED SCENARIO.

AUDIENCE Record whether each scenario is an example of a Primary Group or a Secondary Group

Turn to the person next to you and brainstorm at least 2 PRIMARY groups not discussed in class.

Turn to the person next to you and brainstorm at least 2 SECONDARY groups not discussed in class.

Includes all people we socially interact with during our lifetime (both primary and secondary groups) The Internet has greatly expanded our social networks

1. sense of belonging 2. support and advice 3. connections to new groups (labor market) 4. communication between members of various groups 5. reinforcement of acceptable and unacceptable behavior.

Individuals in a group or groups combine their efforts to reach a goal Demands the best use of limited resources EXAMPLE: Playing games Doing chores

Groups or individuals working against one another for a larger share of the reward Defeating an opponent is the goal Having a winner is essential! Promotes unity/cooperation within opposing groups

I’ll lend you the money you need, Volunteering with the expectation of getting something in return but you’ve got to do something for Those participating may have different goals, but me! Soooo. . . what’s both parties benefit. in it for me? Reward not the relationships with others is the key. EX. I’ll. Wash car iftoyou take it out later scratchmom’s your back scratch mine!

Individuals or groups are forced to give in to the will of others EX: Prisoners revealing secrets under pressure parents threatening punishment if misbehaving Central element is domination Expressed most often subtly through social pressures (ridicule, rejection, etc. )

Milgram’s Obedience Experiment Authority figures can coerce people to do things they normally would not do.

Adapting behavior to match the people around us Most people conform to avoid exclusion

People followed group 37% of the time even though the group was clearly wrong

Tendency for people to help in an emergency decreases as the number of bystanders increases. Kitty Genovese

Use the Internet to locate an article that addresses each of the five types of social interactions: Cooperation Competition Social Exchange Coercion Conformity

Deviance Behavior that departs from societal norms ’m I ! e at m a ! T N A I V E D k Loo

TYPES OF DEVIANCE The Norm “Lean is Mean” Are they DEVIANTS? Prostitutes Positive • Behavior that overconforms to social expectations • Example: anorexia Negative • Behavior that underconforms to expected norms • Example: obesity Reckless Drivers Presidents of the U. S. Career Women

TYPES OF DEVIANCE Primary Secondary Ø Occasional breaking of the law Ø Habitual breaking of the law Ø Not part of person’s lifestyle Ø Part of the person’s lifestyle Ø Does not affect selfconcept Ø Self-concept centered around breaking the norms

BENEFITS AND COSTS BENEFITS Clarifies norms and strengthens values associated with that norm Temporary safety valve Social Change

BENEFITS AND COSTS Erodes trust Can cause nonconforming behavior in others Expensive

Homework Activity As you pass through the hallways and in your social interactions outside of school notice examples of deviance. Come to class with three examples tomorrow!

Ms. Olson’s Example • Two kids in Dunkin Donuts, they finish their donuts • On their way out, one asks the attendant for a napkin (less than polite) • The young man uses the napkin on his way out the door and throws it on the ground in the parking lot • What would you do? • Here’s what I did…I spoke up and said to the other young man, “Are you going to let him do that? ” He shrugs his shoulders, points to his friend as he is walking across the street • The other young man timidly comes back, picks up the napkin and throws it in the garbage can • I told him he is better than his “friend” and a better person for picking up the napkin

Is Addiction Deviance? What are things that people become addicted to? – write on board Do you consider people that are addicted to these things deviants? Why not? Does American society accept certain addictions more so than others? Why? Addressing the Current Social Issues (p 205)

Girls v. Boys Challenge This is a girls’ versus boys’ challenge! Who can act out the best deviant scheme in the class? Using the ideas about deviance that you have either been a part of or witnessed (of course school friendly) you are to write and perform a skit.

The following are requirements: 1. 2. All group members must have a speaking AND acting role. All group members must have a specific task: ü Script writer ü Good copy - Typed ü A copy for each group member AND one for teacher ü Make an effort to know your lines ü Scene design ü Saved as a Power. Point Presentation (H-Drive) ü Minimum of three backgrounds

The following are requirements: Choreographer ü Set directions – as the actors are speaking there must be some sort of movement/action to the skit ü Deviance design ü Developing the basic idea of the skit ü Details to be worked out by all group members ü Costumes/Apparel ü Actors must be in costume ü

The following are requirements: 3. Sign up for one of the above tasks ü Put your name at the top of a paper (one for every person) ü Write down all work that you did as a group member. All work must be documented on paper (paper trail)! 4. Length 3 -5 minutes 5. Practice!

SOCIAL CONTROL Encourages conformity to society’s norms. Internal = Generalized Other External = Sanctions Lies within the individual Formal and Informal Rewards and Punishments

Shoplifting A deviant behavior? What do you consider stealing? • Petty theft – gum, soda • Grand theft – automotive • Plagiarism – stealing ideas, words What stores have to deal with stealing? • High end vs. low end

Shoplifting Internal Social Controls Knowing/believing stealing is wrong • Even in times of need? • “Citizen’s arrest” – other customers engaging suspicious activity External Social Controls • Security tags • Cameras • Fines • Imprisonment Which methods are most effective? Why?

Top Ten Countries in # of Prisoners Rank Country Prisoners 1 2 US China 2, 033, 331 1, 512, 194 Population (mil) 290. 0 1, 294. 4 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Russia India Brazil Thailand Ukraine South Africa Iran Mexico 864, 590 304, 893 284, 989 258, 076 198, 585 180, 952 163, 526 154, 765 142. 7 1, 041. 1 178. 5 64. 3 47. 9 45. 0 72. 2 98. 9 Incarcerations per 1, 000 7. 01 1. 17 6. 06 0. 29 1. 6 4. 01 4. 15 4. 02 2. 26 1. 56

Criminal Justice System Purpose is to control and punish lawbreakers Components of the Criminal Justice System • Police • Courts • Correctional system Does the Criminal Justice System … • Provide Internal or External Social Control? • Give Formal or Informal Sanctions? • Control Positive or Negative Deviance?

Deterrence Approach Uses threat of punishment to discourage criminal actions • Effectiveness depends on… • Likelihood of getting caught (we don’t always get caught) • Severity of punishment (fines vs electric chair) • How quickly the punishment takes effect (court system sluggish) Do you think this approach to curbing crime is effective? Why or why not? • Even though you know you can get caught speeding, do you still do it? • Even though you can get caught drinking underage, do you still do it? • Even though the sale and use of drugs is illegal, do you still take part in it?

Capital Punishment • Capital Punishment = the death penalty • Is it a deterrent? NPR Clips

Blue: Abolished for all crimes Yellow-Green: Abolished for crimes except those committed in exceptional circumstances (e. g. crimes committed in time of war) Orange: Abolished in practice Reddish-brown: Legal form of punishment for heinous offenses

Blue states have no death penalty statute. Yellow-green states have a death penalty statute but have not executed anyone since 1976. Reddish-orange states have executed people since 1976.

Capital Punishment • Research the Opposing viewpoints database (library databases) • Print an article that supports your view on the issue of capital punishment (for or against) • Read, highlight and outline the article • Write down a minimum of three points/facts/statistics – from the article – that support your opinion

Retribution Punishment intended to make criminals pay for their acts Not intended for individuals to take personal vengeance • Enacted by designated officials only • If a mother takes the law into her own hands and kills her son’s murderer, she must answer to society for her action.

Incarceration Keeping criminals in prison • Protecting society If criminals are not on the streets, they are not committing crimes

Rehabilitation • Attempts to resocialize criminals • Social and work skills that will help criminals adjust to society • What percentage of criminals do you think are sent back to prison within 5 years of their release? RECIDIVISM • Return to criminal behavior • Why so high? • Basic nature of offender • Influences of more hardened criminals (while in prison) • Stigma of being an ex-convict