Go to http illuminations nctm orgLesson Det ail

Go to http: //illuminations. nctm. org/Lesson. Det ail. aspx? id=L 396 READ the DIRECTIONS Try Path 1 and Path 2 Then figure out the shortest path to the pond Website on piece of paper at your desk

How to program the shortest path l Press “clear” to erase l To create a new path, adjust the length by using the blue sliders l press the "forward", "back", or "turn" buttons to have it placed in the programming area l Click “draw” to make it draw l

Cryptography? l Answers to our take home packet l Selection of prizes "Cowards die many times before their deaths; the valiant never taste of death but once. "

What numbers occur most frequently in the ciphertext? l Frequency analysis is the process by which the frequency of a letter in an encoded messages is compared with the frequency of letters in English words.

What numbers occur most frequently in the ciphertext? l For instance, the letter E occurs most often in English words, so if the letter W occurs most often in ciphertext, then it is likely that E has been replaced by W.

See Handout

Using the Frequency Table Decode this Message Which letter is used the most? l TFNRIUJ UZV DREP KZDVJ SVWFIV KYVZI UVRKYJ; KYV MRCZREK EVMVI KRJKV FW UVRKY SLK FETV.

Using the Frequency Table Decode this Message Which letter is used the most? l TFNRIUJ UZV DREP KZDVJ SVWFIV KYVZI UVRKYJ; KYV MRCZREK EVMVI KRJKV FW UVRKY SLK FETV.

Using the Frequency Table Decode this Message Which letter is used the most? The next most used letter? l TFNRIUJ UZV DREP KZDVJ SVWFIV KYVZI UVRKYJ; KYV MRCZREK EVMVI KRJKV FW UVRKY SLK FETV.

Using the Frequency Table Decode this Message Which letter is used the most? The next most used letter? l TFNRIUJ UZV DREP KZDVJ SVWFIV KYVZI UVRKYJ; KYV MRCZREK EVMVI KRJKV FW UVRKY SLK FETV.

Realign A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P K R S T U V W X Y Z J K L M N O PQ R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I

l "Cowards die many times before their deaths; the valiant never taste of death but once. "

Caesar Cipher

Caesar Cipher Coded English

Caesar Cipher Starter

Caesar Cipher Starter l Standard Alphabet: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Caesar Alphabet: X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W

Caesar Cipher Starter answers Message One PMFBP PBKA PBZOBQ JBPPXDBP. SPIES SEND SECRET MESSAGES. l Message Two QEB XOJV FP LK QEB JLSB. THE ARMY IS ON THE MOVE. l Message Three QELJXP GBCCBOPLK ABPFDKBA X PRYPQFQRQFLK ZFMEBO. THOMAS JEFFERSON DESIGNED A SUBSTITUTION CIPHER. l

Easy Decode

Easy Decode Answers Can You Read This Secret Message

Intermediate Decode

Intermediate Decode l Message One UJTUQJ FQQ FWTZSI YMJ BTWQI QNPJ YT XTQAJ UZEEQJX. l Hint: HINT: Look for a pattern that would fit the word "PEOPLE. " l UJTUQJ FQQ FWTZSI YMJ BTWQI QNPJ YT XTQAJ UZEEQJX.

Intermediate Decode l Hint: HINT: Look for a pattern that would fit the word "PEOPLE. " l UJTUQJ FQQ FWTZSI YMJ BTWQI QNPJ YT XTQAJ UZEEQJX. Set UJTUQJ = PEOPLE l Try converting UJTUQJ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U l FQQ using the same code would = all

Intermediate Decode l Try converting FWTZSI A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z K L MN O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J l Since it doesn’t match, you know the other is correct

Intermediate Decode Answers l Message One UJTUQJ FQQ FWTZSI YMJ BTWQI QNPJ YT XTQAJ UZEEQJX. l People All Around The World Like To Solve Puzzles.

Intermediate #2 l Message Two MIGY JOTTFYM WUH VY BULX NI MIFPY, VON MIGY ULY YUMS. l HINT: The word "SOME" appears twice in this sentence.

Intermediate #2 l Message Two MIGY JOTTFYM WUH VY BULX NI MIFPY, VON MIGY ULY YUMS. l HINT: The word "SOME" appears twice in this sentence. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F Let MIGY= SOME

Intermediate #2 l Message Two MIGY JOTTFYM WUH VY BULX NI MIFPY, VON MIGY ULY YUMS. l Some Puzzles Can Bb Hard To Solve, But Some Are Easy.

Intermediate #3 l Message Three QVQ LBH GUVAX GUNG GUVF CHMMYR JNF UNEQ BE RNFL GB QB?

Intermediate #3 l Message Three QVQ LBH GUVAX GUNG GUVF CHMMYR JNF UNEQ BE RNFL GB QB? l HINT: Three words in a row begin with "TH. "

Intermediate #3 l Message Three QVQ LBH GUVAX GUNG GUVF CHMMYR JNF UNEQ BE RNFL GB QB? l HINT: Three words in a row begin with "TH. “ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M Let GU = TH

Intermediate #3 l Message Three QVQ LBH GUVAX GUNG GUVF CHMMYR JNF UNEQ BE RNFL GB QB? l Did You Think That This Puzzle Was Hard Or Easy To Do?

Advanced l l Message 1. LHKUFXKUL, J LXYIRU ETMMRU KJD NU KJQU TE HV LUOUBJR EJBFL. 2. KEON MEGS FCHS IK HBWRKJ QX BGJKG SB OBFK SB E OBFMWKSK HBWCSQBX. l 3. VGT OANRV UZNV WO VGAR UFKKBT AR RWBHADX VGT LNQUVWXNZCR VGT CRTBHTR. l 4. IMQC XRK TKOC AMCMWTDIM CBM FMXNRWA KOMA CR TDQ CBM PHZBPGMC. l 5. TNUJTH, HKA QAUJ ZRLAFX KAJ JCX SKFW AUXW ZKF JCX UXJJROL.

Advanced: Step 1 Decode each sentence l LHKUFXKUL, J LXYIRU ETMMRU KJD NU KJQU TE HV LUOUBJR EJBFL. l The give away is the letter “J” –what are the only stand alone letters/words in the English language l I or A

Advanced: Step 1 Decode each sentence l LHKUFXKUL, J LXYIRU ETMMRU KJD NU KJQU TE HV LUOUBJR EJBFL. l Set J = I A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y l Pick something to test. For example does TE = SD make sense?

Advanced: Step 1 Decode each sentence l LHKUFXKUL, J LXYIRU ETMMRU KJD NU KJQU TE HV LUOUBJR EJBFL. l Set J = A A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z R S T U V WX Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O PQ l Pick something to test. For example does TE = KV make sense?

Making Interactive PPT and EXCEL l Examples of Excel

In Excel l Secret Messages l Plot the Secret Location See Handouts for Directions Answers: Secret messages Plot the location

Interactive PPT l Examples of PPT

Remainder of Time Visit America's Crypto Kids (K-12) National Security Agency (NSA) http: //www. nsa. gov/kids/ l CIA Kids’ Page (K-12) Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) https: //www. cia. gov/kids-page/index. html FBI Kids’ Page Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) http: //www. fbi. gov/fbikids. htm l Future State U. S. Department of States http: //www. future. state. gov/ l Ready Kids Department of Homeland Security http: //www. ready. gov/kids/home. html l

l http: //www. eschoolnews. tv/ l http: //cryptoclub. math. uic. edu/shiftcipher/ shiftcipher. htm