GNU Linux and Open Source GNU Kernel GNU

GNU, Linux and Open Source GNU Kernel GNU/ Linux Open. Source

GNU - GNUs Not Unix n GNU (pronounced g'noo) is a free operating system n GNU was invented by Richard Stallman in 1983 at MIT n Stallman quit his job at MIT so that they could not claim ownership and interfere with distributing GNU as free software

GNU – GNU/ Linux n The members of the GNU project tried to build their own kernel (HURD) HURD to get a fully functional free operating system n In 1992, GNU was combined with a free Unix-compatible kernel called LINUX n It is distributed as GNU/Linux ¡ n Suse, Debian/Linux, Red Hat In 2005, the distributer Debian released the first GNU with its own kernel HURD ¡ Debian HURD

GNU/ Linux - develpoers Richard Stallman Linus Torvalds

KERNEL – the core n a kernel is the core of an operating system n its responsible for providing secure access to the machine's hardware and to various computer processes

KERNEL – the core

KERNEL – types n monolith kernel ¡ ¡ ¡ n microkernel ¡ ¡ ¡ n (Win. NT 4, Mac OS X ) less powerful provides a small set of simple hardware drivers and uses external applications to provide more functionality hybrid kernels ¡ n (UNIX, Linux, MS/DR- DOS) more powerful Drivers and modules are embedded in to the kernel which improves the speed of a OS (Windows 2000, Windows XP, etc) others

LINUX-KERNEL n In 1991, Linus Torvalds (Finland) wrote a Unix-compatible kernel (v 0. 01) n LINUX (LINUs LINU uni. X) n It was available for free, but copyrighted on the Internet

LINUX-KERNEL n 1993 it became a part of GPL (General Public License) n Single person and group developers started distributing GNU/Linux systems as standalone OS

LINUX-KERNEL n 1993 it became a part of GPL (General Public License) n Single person and group developers started distributing GNU/Linux systems as standalone OS

GPL – General Public License n GPL was released in January 1989 n The latest version of the license, v 2, was released in 1991

GPL – grants n the freedom to run the program for any purpose n the freedom to study how the program works and modify it (Access to the source code is a precondition for this) n the freedom to redistribute copies n the freedom to improve the program, and release the improvements to the public (Access to the source code is a precondition for this)

Win vs. Linux startup You see what you get ! startup Windows XP startup Linux

Win vs. Linux prompt MS-DOS prompt GNU/ Linux prompt

Win vs. KDE environment Windows XP GNU/Linux KDE 3. 3

Open. Source – free as in free speech n Its source code is published and made available to the public, enabling anyone to copy, modify and redistribute the source code without paying royalties or fees n Since the early 1960 s most software was developed in an open source manner

Open. Source – examples General: n Linux (kernel) n KDE/ GNOME (desktop environment) n Apache (webserver) n My. SQL (database) n Open. Office. org (office) n Mozilla (browser) GIS Software: n UMN – Map. Server (mapserver) n Grass (GIS)

Open. Source – costs MICROSOFT/ ESRI: Open. Source: Windows. XP ~$250 GNU/Linux $0 Office 2 k 3 ~$500 Open. Office. org $0 Arc. View $1, 500 GRASS $0 UMN Mapserver $0 Documentation $0 Arc. GIS Documentation Set $480

LINKS n n n n http: //www. wikipedia. com http: //www. gnu. org http: //www. kernel. org http: //www. linux. org http: //www. suse. com http: //www. debian. org/ports/hurd