Glorious Revolution Reigns http www bbc co ukhistorybritishtimelinecivilwarstimelinenoflash

Glorious Revolution

Reigns http: //www. bbc. co. uk/history/british/timeline/civilwars_timeline_noflash. shtml Elizabeth I reign 1588 - 1603 James I reign 1603 - 1625 Charles I reign 1625 - 1646 (executed 1649) Oliver Cromwell (not a monarch) 1646 - 1658 Charles II reign 1660 - 1685 James II reign 1685 - 1689 William & Mary reign 1689 - 1702

Gunpowder Plot • In 1604, a group of English Catholics, angered by James I's failure to relax the penal laws against their coreligionists • They hatched a plot to blow up the king and parliament by igniting gunpowder barrels concealed in a vault beneath the building. • The plot was discovered before it could be carried out on November 5, 1605 • The conspirators, including Guy Fawkes after whom the plot is often known, were either killed resisting arrest, or captured and then executed.

"Long Parliament" § 3 November 1640 the Scottish army firmly established in Northern England refused to leave until its expenses had been paid. §Charles I summoned parliament, but instead of providing the king with financial assistance, the member voiced complaints against his policies. §Fearing that his opponents were determined to seize political control, Charles attempted to arrest five leading members of parliament. §They slipped away and Charles was forced to leave empty-handed. §Outrage over his actions prompted the start of the English Civil War.

Glorious Revolution Nobles ask William or Orange and Mary (James daughter) to come take over England Why called the Glorious Revolution? ◦ Almost no bloodshed ◦ James’ men desert before battle ◦ William and Mary become king and queen Changes to England ◦ Destroyed idea of divine right ◦ English Bill of Rights passed

Absolutism in Europe ESSENTIAL QUESTION: WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF ABSOLUTE RULE IN EACH EUROPEAN COUNTRY?

France before Louis XIV Cardinal Richelieu ◦ Royal minister under Louis XIII ◦ Strengthened the power of monarchy ◦ Huguenots became a threat in society ◦ Set up a spy network to keep track of coups ◦ Executed anyone conspiring against the throne

Louis XIV 1. Bourbon King of France 1638 - 1715 2. Called “The Sun King” 3. States “L’estat cest moi!” – “I am the state!” 4. Builds the Palace of Versailles

Versailles 2, 300 Rooms 550, 000 sq. ft. 6, 000 paintings 2, 000 sculptures https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=194 CDls. Fp. QA

Legacy of Louis XIV How did his reign affect France? ◦ Left country surrounded by enemies ◦ Majority of France in poverty ◦ Even though he maintained power, the common people suffered ◦ Looking down the road, this is the beginning of the movement towards the French Revolution

Austrian Empire o. Hapsburgs created empire covering Austria, Hungary, and Czech Republic o. Had issues become an absolutist state o. Too many different groups of people wanting power o. Only thing tying everyone together is service to Hapsburg family

Maria Teressa 1. Lived 1717 – 1780 2. Ruled Austria after the death of her father emperor Charles Vi. 3. He had a 40 -year reign and was one of the few women to rule alone. 4. She defended her borders from multiple attacks and strenghtned the power of the monarch.

New Russian state o. In the 16 th century Russia reunified under Ivan IV who became the first czar or ceasar (supreme leader) o. He expanded territories West o. His dyansty ended in 1598 and after the "Time of Trouples" Michael Romanov rose as the new czar beginning a period of absolute monarchy. . .

1. Czar of Russia lived 1672 - 1725 2. Westernizes Russia a. More like Europe b. Simpler alphabet

Russia under Peter ◦ Westernization ◦ Modernized the army and navy ◦ Peasants drafted for 25 -year stints into army ◦ Created army of 210, 000 ◦ Ordered a book of etiquette for Russia ◦ How men and women should act and dress ◦ Wanted to have port access to the West (Baltic Sea) ◦ Government ◦ Divided country into provinces ◦ Wanted to create a “police state” ◦ People did not have the same feeling about service

Frederick The Great 1. Lived 1712 - 1786 2. Known as "The Great Elector, " founded the Austrian State. 3. He gave positions in the army and his new government to loyal nobels. 4. Kept final say in military action and taxes for himself.

Emergence of Prussia o. Established the Prussian state in 1648 at the end of the 30 Years War o. With limited natural boundaries, established large army to protect its boarders o. Created General War Commissariat as overseer of the army and taxes to support the military o. Junkers (aristocrats) served as officers in the army