GLOBALIZATION Where Does Africa fit in Yoruba drummers

GLOBALIZATION Where Does Africa fit in? Yoruba drummers Erin-Osun, Nigeria (1997)

WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION? • ACTIVATING YOUR COMMITMENTS • CONNECTING ACROSS DIFFERENCE • FORGING NEW RELATIONSHIPS • SPREAD OF PRODUCTION, COMMUNICATION, & TECHNOLOGIES ACROSS THE WORLD Increasing interconnections world-wide

Did you know 2. 0

DEBATES 1. Is globalization new or old? 2. Is globalization good or bad? 3. Is globalization really “global” or inclusive of all people? 4. What is the relationship between globalization “from above” and globalization “from below”?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 6 ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION ECONOMIC TECHNOLOGICAL CULTURAL POLITICAL MILITARY ENVIRONMENTAL THESE ASPECTS ARE INTERCONNECTED!

1. ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION EARLY CAPITALIST IDEAS: 1. “Free Market Economy” (Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations, 1776) Market is “free” from State control 2. Division of labor 3. Competition

ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION § Economies Are Increasingly Linked Together EXS: NAFTA (MX, CA, US), The EU § EX: World Trade Organization (1995) – Only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations – help producers of goods & services conduct their business

ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION EX: MULTI-NATIONAL CORPORATIONS § OLD: Dutch East India Company (1602) § company of Dutch merchants & independent trading companies § Spice trade monopoly in East Asia § Power to colonize territories & enslave indigenous people § Indonesia & South Africa

ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION § NEW: Nike, Wal-Mart, Royal/Dutch Shell § Top 100 multinationals are all US-owned companies! § Royal/Dutch Shell: global group of energy and petrochemical companies, operating in more than 140 countries and territories, employing more than 112, 000 people § Global Exchange: www. globalexchange. org

Economic Globalization in AFRICA § Little Industry and Technology § Can economic globalization can help reduce poverty? § “Brain Drain” § Debt (IMF loans) AF countries can’t even pay back interest § 300 million pple live on less than $1/day § 48% pple in sub-Saharan AF in extreme poverty (less than 750 calories/day) § 2001 Index for Foreign Investment in Africa was “ 0” § Gap between rich and poor increasing § 2006: China & AF next economic partners?

2. TECHNOLOGICAL GLOBALIZATION • “World Wide Web” has exploded in last 10 years • Computers can move money around world = “finance capital” • 2005: IBM was 16 th largest corporation in world Africa § Number of telephones is decreasing § More computers in Manhattan than all of Africa! § Post-colonial infrastructures don’t support technology

3. CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION 2005: Hong Kong Disneyland 5 th Disneyland in the world! Mc. Arabia Kofta

CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION § § Cultural Imperialism = Dominance of one culture over others Hollywood movies, Mac. Donald’s, Disneyland, Starbucks Dominance of the English language and invasion of other languages Do people all over the world have the same taste? Africa § “Culture Industry” = opportunities for Africans to sell their culture on a “global market” that values “authentic” culture

4. POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION EX: The United Nations (1945): global association of governments facilitating cooperation in international law, security, economic development, and social equity • Whose interests does the UN represent? • The US and the UK were the only nations in support of going to war in Iraq • Can a global politics with social values exist? • Alternative political gatherings: Annual World Social Forums since 2001, The Piece Process @ Gavilan College in 2005!

POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION South Africa Ex. • 2001: US pharmaceutical corporations sued South African companies for infringing on AIDS medication patent laws • 2003: President Bush announced the Emergency Plan in 2003 - the largest international health initiative in history by one nation to address a single disease • HIV/AIDS Situation in 2004 HIV Infected: 5. 3 million AIDS Deaths: 370, 000 AIDS Orphans: 1. 1 million

5. MILITARY GLOBALIZATION Nuclear Bombs F/A-22 Raptor

MILITARY GLOBALIZATION Smart Bombs Sidewinder Missiles

MILITARY GLOBALIZATION § Global alliances become clear during war time § Ex: Today’s US alliance with Britain in wars against Afghanistan and Iraq § What will happen with North Korea, Iran, & nuclear warfare? Africa § “Trade in Arms” = US sold $227 million in arms to AF in 1990 s § US train and provide weapons for African armies on both sides of their civil wars § US = #1 exporter of weapons globally § US = last to export non-military aid to developing world

6. ENVIRONMENTAL GLOBALIZATION § Human impact on environment = unsustainable § Carbon dioxide & other greenhouse gasses = measurable effect on global climate § Chlorofluorocarbons & other man-made gases = attacked & depleted ozone layer § Pesticides & other pollutants = global threat to human & nonhuman immune systems § Resource crisis = depletion of tropical forests, collapse of ocean fisheries, global impoverishment of biological diversity

6. ENVIRONMENTAL GLOBALIZATION § Epidemic vulnerability = helped by global spread of antibiotic resistance § Global movements of invasive introduced species = major biological & economic impacts on Mediterranean, Black Sea, Great Lakes, grazing lands, forests, & other resources § How to escape environmental limits? No escape! Planet Earth is a closed system!

§ ENVIRONMENTAL GLOBALIZATION in AFRICA OGONILAND, NIGERIA EX. – Niger-Delta region = 90% of Nigeria’s oil; 500, 000 people; densely populated riverine land; fisher people and farmers – 1950 s = Royal Dutch Shell Oil set up agreement with British govt. to mine area for crude oil – SPDC = Shell Petroleum Development Corporation (NI subsidiary)

Ogoniland Ex. Cont. – poorly maintained network of above ground pipes, running directly through villages or farmland – routine spills of crude oil, Shell has repeatedly denied responsibility – Gas flares = spilled gas is burned for control; major air pollution & soot; CO 2 & Methane severely impact global warming

Ogoni people Organized & Protested § 1990 = MOSOP, Movement for Survival of Ogoni People led by Ken Saro-Wiwa § International support: UN AF Human Rights Commission; Intl. environ. & human rights organization; NGO’s § 1993 = 300, 000 pple demonstrated for UN Year of Indigenous People § 1995 = S-W & 8 Ogoni activists hanged by Nigerian govt. to their deaths!

The Ogoni Struggle continues… You can kill the messenger but not the message! NIGER DELTA WOMEN PROTEST

Resisting Injustice, Demanding Change…

San Francisco, 2002

The Karnataka State Farmers' Movement (KRRS) burn genetically modified crops as part of the "Cremate Monsanto" campaign. Karnataka, India, 1998.

Zapatista women are vigilant in defending their community. Chiapas, Mexico

Palestinian women protest against the Israeli occupation and escalation of military aggression against civilians in the West Bank and Gaza. San Francisco, California, 2002.

UCSC Lecturers Protest Unfair Labor Practices, 2002

"You must be the you wish to see world. " change in the - Mahatma Gandhi