GLOBALIZATION WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION The
GLOBALIZATION
WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?
WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION? The process of interaction and interdependence among the people, companies, and governments of different nations
POLITICAL: UNITED NATIONS, EUROPEAN UNION AND THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION
THE UNITED NATIONS
WHAT IS THE UN? - An international organization designed to make the enforcement of international law, security, human rights, economic and social progress easier for countries around the world - Main principles: save future generations from war, reaffirm human rights, and establish equal rights for all nations - 193 member countries - headquarters in New York City
STRUCTURE - Organs of the UN: - the General Assembly the Secretariat the Security Council the International Court of Justice the Economic and Social Council the Trusteeship Council
THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY - Main function: assessing member countries and deciding on the budget - Only organ where every member state is represented
THE SECRETARIAT - Serves an administrative role - - Holds office for five years per term The first ever Secretary General was Trygve Lie, the office is currently held by Ban Ki-moon
THE SECURITY COUNCIL - UN’s most powerful organ - - Deals with threats to international peace and security Has 15 members, 5 of which are permanent: the USA, China, Russia, Britain and France (all have veto powers)
THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE - The judicial organ of the UN - Based in the Hague, Netherlands - 15 judges elected by the General Assembly and Security Council - Applies international law - No appeals can be made
THE EUROPEAN UNION EU Overview
WHAT IS THE EU? Economic and political partnership between 28 democratic European nations � Reduces trade barriers and promotes interdependence Goal: Peace, prosperity and freedom for its citizens
EU MEMBERSHIP
EU POPULATION 2010 1. 355 1. 236 502. 5 317. 1 142. 4 127. 1
THE EURO Introduced in 1999: � New currency used by most EU nations � Uses: Belgium, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Cyprus and Finland. � Does not use: Denmark, Sweden, United Kingdom � Current � EU Exchange Rate: $1 = €. 91 Debt crisis explained
NATO
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION (NATO) Military or defense alliance formed in 1949 by 12 democracies in Western Europe and North America Original purpose – to protect its members from a possible attack from the Soviet Union (Containment) After Cold War, the purpose is to enforce peace and manage international affairs
NATO TREATY – ARTICLE 5 “The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all…” No NATO member was ever attacked during the Cold War – it never had to use its military forces The first (and only) time a NATO member was attacked was… � September 11, 2001
WHO IS IN NATO? 1949 – 12 Original Members � U. S. Canada � France Iceland � Belgium Netherlands Britain Portugal Luxembourg 1952 – A Little Farther from the North Atlantic (Demonstration of Truman Doctrine) � Greece 1954 – A New Democracy � West Turkey Germany 1982 – Death of Fascist Dictator Franco � Spain
EASTWARD EXPANSION 1999 – Three former Warsaw Pact members were admitted into NATO � Poland � Hungary � The Czech 2002 Republic – Seven former communist states in Eastern Europe added � Estonia � Latvia � Lithuania � Slovenia � Slovakia � Bulgaria
THE NATO ALLIANCE Timeline of NATO
ECONOMIC: WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, WORLD BANK, INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND AND ORGANIZATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES
WORLD BANK AND IMF
CREATION OF WB AND THE IMF Both organizations were created at Bretton Woods, NH in 1944 by British economist John Maynard Keynes. The intent was to avoid another world wide great depression and keep a stable world market.
WHAT IS THE WORLD BANK? Mission: To End extreme poverty within a generation and boost shared prosperity Not an ordinary bank like M & T Bank It’s a unique partnership created to reduce poverty and support development Provides loans to developing countries for capital programs
INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF) The IMF provides policy advice and technical assistance to help countries build and maintain strong economies � Also give short term loans.
WORLD BANK/IMF These organizations are collectively referred to as international financial institutions Both have become primary targets of the antiglobalization movement. � Resented in many nations- viewed as imposing Western -style capitalism on developing countries without regard to the social effects. European Union Debt Crisis
WTO
WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION Goal: Improve the welfare of the peoples of the member countries � Created to open trade between countries � Place where member governments sort out trade problems they face with each other 20 Years of the WTO The WTO explained
OPEC
IMPORTANCE OF MIDDLE EAST Abundance of natural resources: oil Strategic geographical location � Mediterranean Sea connects it to Europe and Northern Africa � Red Sea connects it to Africa � Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea connects it to SE Asia
OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) created in 1960 � Founding Members: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela � Later joined by Qatar, Libya, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Nigeria, Ecuador and Angola � Oil 101 What is Opec?
http: //www. iags. org/members_map. gif
Goal of OPEC � Secure fair and stable prices for petroleum producers � An efficient and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations � A fair return on capital to those investing in the industry. � OPEC prices drop � Globalization of Oil
SOCIAL: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, OVERPOPULATION, GREEN REVOLUTION, FOOD SHORTAGES
WHO
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION About WHO is the authority for health within the United Nations. � Responsible matters, for providing leadership on global health
The role of WHO in public health � Providing leadership on matters critical to health � Shaping the research agenda and translation and dissemination of valuable knowledge; � setting norms and standards � articulating ethical policy options; � providing technical support � monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends. WHO Interactive Map
OVERPOPULATION
OVERPOPULATION The overabundance of people in a region or area that lacks sufficient resources to adequately provide its people World Population Map
Causes: � Religious Beliefs: procreation is essential � Cultural Factors: Need to have large families to carry on family name and provide for family members � Economics Factors: Large number of children to help working families � Lack of knowledge/access about reproduction and birth control
Effects: � Overcrowding � Poverty � Hunger/malnutrition � Low standard of living � Depletion of natural resources Solutions: � Family planning � Improved farming methods � Equitable food distribution
Statistics Video Indian Population Explosion 7 Billion
POVERTY RATES
ENVIRONMENTAL: DEFORESTATION, DESERTIFICATION AND POLLUTION
DESERTIFICATION
DESERTIFICATION The change of farmable land into desert land.
DESERTIFICATION Causes: � Overgrazing of Cattle: Eliminate grass that holds soil together and prevents erosion � Cutting Down of Trees: robs land of barriers to soil erosion
Effects: � Soil loses its nutrients and vitality and turns into dry land unable to sustain plant life � Famine Solutions: � Planting trees to act as barriers to erosion � Restricting cattle from overgrazing
DEFORESTATION
DEFORESTATION The destruction of tropical rain forests What is Deforestation? Deforestation Map
Causes: � Harvest forest lumber � Create space to grow crops � Expand land for cattle Effects: � Loss of plant and animal life � Loss of future sources of medicine, food and chemical compounds � Deterioration of air quality � Rise in carbon dioxide and contribution to increased global temperatures � CNN Explains: Deforestation
Solutions: � Reduce massive foreign debt of Brazil and other nations in return for guarantee not to destroy forests � Reduce demand for wood and other products consumed by USA, Japan and Western Europe
POLLUTION
POLLUTION The release of radioactive particles into the atmosphere and into bodies of water
Causes: � Industrialization Effects � Hole in the ozone layer which could lead to an increase in skin cancer and eye disease � Damage to crops and marine life � Increase global temperatures � China's Super Smog � China's Water Pollution
Solutions: � 1989: an international conference was called to halt the production of CFC’s by the year 2000 � Marpol V Treaty: countries prohibited the dumping of plastics into the ocean � Kyoto Protocol: an international treaty that legally binds countries to reduce gases released into
POLLUTION
SECURITY: TERRORISM AND NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION
TERRORISM Systematic use of violence to achieve a political goal � Tactics: bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, etc Terrorist Groups � Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) � Irish Republican Army (IRA) � Al-Qaeda � ISIS � Top Terrorist Attacks in History
Responses: Often resulted in similar retaliatory responses causes cycle of violence Solutions: � Increased security in airports and transportation systems � Sharing of information through INTERPOL
NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION Nuclear proliferation is the spread of nuclear weapons, fissionable material, and weaponsapplicable nuclear technology and information to nations not recognized as "Nuclear Weapon States" by the Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons, also known as the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty or NPT.
NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY An international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament Nations with approved Nuclear Technology � US, Russia, United Kingdom, France and China
Nuclear Explosions since 1945
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