Global Social Protection Floor Perspectives and Experiences of

Global Social Protection Floor Perspectives and Experiences of OECD-POVNET and FINLAND Pre-Conference Workshop on the Global Social Protection Floor Global Conference of ICSW, IFSW and IASSW Hong Kong, 7 June, 2010 Timo Voipio Vice-Chair, OECD-POVNET Senior Adviser for Global Social Policy Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland Timo. Voipio@formin. fi

THANKS to ICSW 1) 2) 3) 4) Kuala Lumpur 2004 Brasilia 2006 Tours 2008 Hong Kong 2010 - CONGRATULATIONS ICSW ! North-South Programme ! - CONGRATULATIONS TANZANIA AND FINLAND ! Twinning, most fruitful !!

CONGRATULATIONS ICSW, IFSW and IASSW Global Social Protection Floor 1) For >30 years the international aid community has been trying to reduce poverty by… - economic growth + “trickle down” - short-term (3 yr) “poverty reduction projects” 2) Yet, in all societies that have succeeded: permanent national institutions for: - DECENT WORK for employment intensive, propoor, redistributed and sustainable growth - SOCIAL PROTECTION for the young, old, sick, disabled – or those in various kinds of “shocks”

Rio-1992 Sustainable development = balanced dev’t ECONOMIC SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland timo. voipio@formin. fi POVNET Plenary Paris 17 April, 2007 4

ILO, UN-ECOSOC, EU: DECENT WORK FOR ALL Employment, entrepreneurship & growth Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland timo. voipio@formin. fi SOCIAL -security & protection -inclusion & dialogue - rights & equality, - empowerment 5

Why Social Protection ? 1) Good for economic growth: poor and vulnerable people often make sub-optimal economic choices because they cannot tolerate the risks related to moving to new crops, businesses, areas …in financial crisis aggregate demand! 2) A human right (Art. 22 -28 UDHR) – and a basic pillar of social cohesion (social contract). 3) Fastest way to achieve MDGs

Promising evidence, e. g. from… 1) Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs), e. g. Bolsa 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Familia in Brazil; ADB Employment Guarantee Schemes, e. g. NREGA in India… Social Health Insurance, e. g. in Rwanda Child Grants/ family benefits, e. g. in South Africa Social pensions, e. g. in Nepal, South Africa, Brazil. Maternity protection MDG-5 !!!

Finland: Aid Pov. Red Glob. Soc. Pol – Aid Experts’ Meeting UN CSoc. D Book + Policy Statement Comprehensive Social Policies for Development in a Globalizing World 8 Link: http: //info. stakes. fi/ssd/EN/comprehensive/index. htm 6/9/2021

Social Protection Floor • One key element in comprehensive social policy: Solid floor ladder/staircase to climb higher!! • Social contract – nationally and globally – to ensure that every woman and man will be able to participate in, contribute to and benefit from development… OECD-POVNET

OECD-DAC = ”Donor Think Tank” POVNET = Poverty Reduction Network 1) POVNET Guidelines on Poverty Reduction 2001 2) POVNET Guide on Pro-Poor Growth (PPG) 2006 3) PPG and Agriculture 2006 4) PPG and Infrastructure 2006 5) PPG and Priv. Sect. Devt 2006 6) PPG and Social Protection 2009 7) PPG and Employment 2009 8) PPG and Empowerment - forthcoming 2010 9) Global Social Protection Floor 2011 -2012

1999 -2010 Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland timo. voipio@formin. fi POVNET Plenary Paris 17 April, 2007 11

Risk & Vulnerability = Key constraints for the participation of the poor people in POVNET Plenary Paris PPG in PSD and Agriculture Social Protection needed… 17 April, 2007 Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland timo. voipio@formin. fi 12

POVNET: Pro-poor growth = growth that poor people participate in, contribute to and benefit from… A narrow ‘tradeable’/ ‘export’ sector/area/market? (and redistribution, if any? ) OLD Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland timo. voipio@formin. fi Growth in all sectors/areas/markets where the poor are & growth also in the national economy? NEW POVNET Plenary Paris 17 April, 2007 13

Reliable Soc. Prot may also encourage structural change & climate adaptation A narrow ‘tradeable’/ ‘export’ sector/area/market? (and redistribution, if any? ) Growth in all sectors/areas/markets where the poor are + flexibility for structural change, thanks to increased social security + Structural change Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland timo. voipio@formin. fi 14

Justifications used by donors for focusing on Social Protection Pro-poor growth • helps avoid shocks that can derail growth • promotes innovation, risk taking and entrepreneurship • broadens participation in economic growth • focuses on asset accumulation • counteracts irreversible asset depletion Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland timo. voipio@formin. fi Rights-based • MDGs, basic needs • human development / human security (Sen/JICA) • global socio-economic ‘floor’ (minimum standards) & global compact (MDG 8) • democratic participation and social dialogue • sustainable development, lifecycle and inter-generational thinking POVNET Plenary Paris 17 April, 2007 15

A Human Rights Based Approach… • Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states: “Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security” further explained by article 25 and echoed by the International Covenant on Economic and Social Rights (1966, 1976) as commented by the Committee on Economic , Social and cultural rights in 2008 stating – Progressive implementation of the right to social security while maintaining – a core obligation to select a core group of social risks and contingencies for immediate implementation – States parties…”should consider the development of further legal instruments” to “ ensure that the right to social security is given due attention in international agreements” The ILO Global Campaign to Extend Social Security to All

A Human Rights Based Approach… • UDHR Article 25: Right to health and well being including food , clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services …special care and assistance in case of motherhood and childhood… • Article 26: Universal right to education… • Article 27: Right to participate in the cultural life of the community… • THE SPF INITITIATIVE GIVES CORE CONTENT TO THE BASIC RIGHTS EVEN IN TIMES OF CRISES … The ILO Global Campaign to Extend Social Security to All

What is the Social Protection Floor (SPF)–Initiative? • One-UN Mandated by UN Crisis Summit and CEB • Ensuring rights to essential services and social transfers for the poor and vulnerable: 1. Essential services, such as health, water and sanitation, education, social work 2. Essential social transfers: – Universal Health Care – Assistance for Unemployed and Poor – Child benefit – Universal Old-Age and Disability Pension

The universal and progressive social security development approach: The horizontal and vertical dimensions – ILO mandate: VERTICAL DIMENSION Family Benefit Sickness Benefit Unemployment Benefit Maternity Benefit Medical Care Benefit Survivors’ Benefit Invalidity Benefit Old-age Benefit Employment Injury Benefit Social Security Benefits according to C. 102 Four Guarantees: Universal Health Care Assistance for Unemployed and Poor Child benefit Universal Old-Age and Disability Pension HORIZONTAL DIMENSION Public Employees + dependants Private Employees+ dependants Social Protection Floor Self. Workers Non-employed in Working Age + Informal and their Depend- Economy dependants, ants + depend- elderly, children ants

Gradual mngt of prioritized poverty risks through legislation & regulation, case Finland Housing (1950 -80) Old age (1935 -70) Ill health (1890 -1970) Children (1920 -70) 1920 s. Immigr. Long term un. Work and family (65 -95) employment Studies (60 -85) Unemployment (60 -85) 1950 -70 s. Over indebtedness (1990 s) 1990 s. 2000 s (Sources: Jäntti, Saari, Vartiainen 2005; Saari 2005). Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland timo. voipio@formin. fi 20

Who participates in the SPF-Initiative? • National governments (ministries of labour, health, finance, agriculture …), social partners and national NGOs/CSOs, etc. + Regional bodies ? • UN agencies such as ILO, WHO, FAO, IMF, OHCHR, UN Regional Commissions, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNDESA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNICEF, UNHABITAT, UNHCR, UNODC, UNRWA, WFP, WMO, other international organizations such as World Bank and Regional Development Banks, and bilateral donors (e. g. Germany, UK, Finland, EU), global funds and International NGOs (ICSW, HAI, SCF. . . ) • OECD-POVNET

Global coordination and support – National Action • Country level: Joint SPF Taskforce (government, social partners, social security institutions, UN agencies, NGOs, donors, etc. ) • Global level: Coordination of UN agencies (ILO, WHO, UNICEF, UNDESA, UNAIDS …), donors, international NGOs, Govts, social partners which set up a Global Technical Advisory Network Joint SPF Taskforce Government, social partners, UN agencies, NGOs etc. Support Global Technical Advisory Network The ILO Global Campaign to Extend Social Security to All

FINLAND / Development cooperation: Strong support to UN normative role/processes 1) UN CSoc. D (Commission for Social Development) Feb-2010 Social Protection Floor SDAN: Social Development Advisers’ Network 2) Special Rapporteur on Rights of People with Disabilities + Book + Global Partnership on Disability and Dev’t (GPDD) 3) UN Human Rights Council / Independent Expert on Extreme Poverty + ICHRP • Social Pensions and Human Rights • CCTs and HR, Crisis/SP/HR

Finland – Development cooperation • Multilateral support to SP innovation work by • One-UN Social Protection Floor Initiative (SPF-I) • ILO DW/SP in Central Asia • UNICEF + WFP + UNFPA + UNDP • WB (TFESSD, incl. WB-SP and Disability)

Finland – Development cooperation • Active role in ‘brokering’ SP Agenda Development in… • OECD-POVNET • Policy Guidance on SP and PPG 2009 • Measuring SP in ODA statistics 2010 • Joint Donor Learning Events on SP (Train 4 Dev) (user: povnet; pass: dacpovnet) 2010 • Global Social Protection Floor 2011 -12 • EU: European Development Report 2010 on SP in SSA Dec 10 Communication/Conclusions on SP 2011? • AU/EU Strategic Partnership on Migr/Empl/SP 30. 6. -2. 7. Dakar

Finland – Development cooperation • CSOs: • ICSW (International Council for Social Welfare) + IFSW (Int’l Federation of Social Workers) + IASSW (Int’l Association of Schools of Social Work Joint Conference Hong Kong 10 -15 June, 2010 • World Conference on Universal Social Security, Brazil, 12/10 • World Social Security Forum, ISSA, Cape Town 12/10 • IDS-Centre for Social Protection Conference on SP for Social Justice 13 -15 April, 2011

CONGRATULATIONS to ICSW, IFSW and IASSW - None of this will succeed without committed and competent PROFESSIONALS of CARE !! - Key challenges, therefore: Rights of Care Workers Human Rights to Care Economics of Care