GLOBAL ISSUES INTRODUCTION GOBAL International context of Engineering

GLOBAL ISSUES

INTRODUCTION • GOBAL- International context of Engineering and increasingly spreading of social and environmental focuses of the work of Engineers. • Makes Engineers to achieve larger view on their activities dealing with weapons, computers, environment etc.

Multinational Corporation • Operates Business in several countries Ex: HUL, Ford, Toyota etc. • Relative Values- Ethical Relativism - Descriptive Relativism - Moral Relativism • International Rights- Accept & Respect International human rights • Technology Transfer- Changing Technology to new setting& Implementing it. • Appropriate Technology- Implementing most suitable technology for a new set conditions. Ex: Bhopal Disaster

Environmental Ethics - Forbid the activities of people for deteriorating the surroundings of environment in so many ways - Acid Rain- Any precipitated or suspended particles , snow, dew etc which are acidic. - Ethical problems & its issues- Engineers are supposed to have full confidence over their respective projects - Engineers have to foresee the entire environment effects

• Computer Ethics - To evaluate & act towards computer related problems a new field of applied ethics is termed as “computer ethics” - Categories of Ethical Problems. Bank Robbery, Autonomous nature of computer - Computer as object of unethical facts- Hacking - Autonomous computer- Making decisions without human inference - Ex: Computers in workplace, Crime, Privacy& Anonymity, Intellectual property, Professional Responsibility, Globalization - Professional Issues- Computer Failures, Implementation, Health Conditions

• Weapons Development - Engineers involved in development of weapons either directly or indirectly - Problems of defense industry ü huge cost in implementing & maintaining weapon system ü Technology creep ü Maintaining secrecy ü Creates few jobs to community

• Engineers as Managers - To manage Technical corporations, the technical understanding of engineers is essential - Manager acting as professional ü Improved knowledge ü Coordinating & Motivating people ü Managers are to produce good product or service ü Promoting an Ethical Climate ü Management of conflicts

• Consulting Engineers - Involved in private practice and paid some fees - Advertising- Deceptive advertising - Competitive Bidding - Contingency Fee - Safety and Client needs - Provision for resolution of disputes

• Engineers as Expert witnesses and Advisers - Engineers act as expert witness in courts - Abuses of Engineers as expert witness - Hired Guns - Financial Influences - Ego Biases - Sympathy Biases - Engineers as Expert advisers in planning and policy making - Normative models – Hired guns, Value- Neutral Analysts, Value –Guided Advocates, Honesty, Competence, Diligence, Loyalty

• • - Moral Leadership- Leading a group of persons Participation in professional societies Leadership in communities Principles of Voluntary service Sample code of Conduct Code of Engineering Societies Code of ethics for engineers - Rules of Safety - Professional Obligations

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