GLOBAL GOVERNANCE Jn Gdovec Samuel Velik Michaela Halsov
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE Ján Gdovec Samuel Veliký Michaela Halásová
SAMUEL
POWER Barnett and Duvall’s 2005 article, “POWER IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICS” Their definition “the production, in and through social relations, of effects that shape the capacities of actors to determine their circumstances and fate“ Power in the global governance can be defined as the ability to shape thinking and/or actions of other actors in the global public domain Largely synonymous with influence
TYPES OF POWER 1. Physical = use of force 2. Economic = use of material resources 3. Structural = the use of actor’s position in the structures of society 4. Institutional = actor’s use of rules and decision-making procedures 5. Moral = actor shapes the principles that others believe to be right or wrong 6. Expert = actor shapes what others consider to be legitimate knowledge 7. Discursive = actors shape the language others use to conceptualize, frame, define and understand an issue 8. Network = when individuals use their personal relationships with others to shape their thinking and/or action
AUTHORITY Group of persons possesses legitimate power and practices it over another The term authority identifies POLITICAL LEGITIMACY, which grants and justifies the right to exercise power of government International institutions are seen not only by political, but also by societal actors as political institutions exercising public AUTHORITY requiring LEGITIMACY With the rise of international authorities that are, at the same time, more intrusive, state CONSENT is undermined and societies are affected directly
ACCOUNTABILITY Electoral way Politician makes choices on behalf of the people and the people have the ability to reward or sanction the politician Governments are 'ACCOUNTABLE' if voters can discern whether governments are acting in their interest and sanction them appropriately Representatives can be held accountable through two mechanisms: ELECTORAL REPLACEMENT and RATIONAL ANTICIPATION
ACCOUNTABILITY Non - electoral way Political changes or symptoms of shifts in political preferences can be the result of the PROTESTS Accountability in autocratic regimes relies on a SELECTORATE; a group that legitimizes or delegitimizes the autocrats powers according to selectorate theory
JÁN
HEGEMONY DOMINATION / LEADERSHIP Actor holding the most POWER “Predominance of one state over its peers”, “dominance of one state over the others” or “preponderance of military and economic capabilities”
BIPOLARITY Emergence of two equally strong power centres facing each other Superpowers tend to create two blocks based on IDEOLOGY SUBJECTIVE BIPOLARITY = subjective decision of powers to create power blocks OBJECTIVE BIPOLARITY = two power centres have largest capacities allowing them to objectively dominate POSITIVES: crisis management, easier coordination of activities and stability keeping of the whole system
MULTIPOLARITY Existence of 3 or more superpowers with approximately equal power at the same time Presence of a BALANCER is optional Greater number of interaction opportunities Reduced danger of mutually reinforcing ANTAGONISM between two states Provides the basis for a STABLE social system = the MORE actors there are in the system, the MORE STABLE the system becomes
MICHAELA
HEGEMONY EXAMPLES After the end of the Cold war USA In such system the power of a state is not balanced and CONTROLLED by the other states - 2003 war to Iraq waged without permission of the UN
BIPOLARITY EXAMPLES COLD WAR ERA USA – SOVIET UNION X
EXAMPLES PEACEFUL MULTIPOLARITY The 'Concert of Europe‘ - period from after the Napoleonic Wars to the Crimean War WARTIME MULTIPOLARITY World War I, World War II, the Thirty Years War, the Warring States period, the Three Kingdoms period
PREDICTION Globalization Rising powers (China, India, Russia, Latin America, etc. ) China´s rate of growth We predict that as other regions are progressing with the same pace that the world will become MULTIPOLAR
USA EU CHINA JAPAN INDIA SA
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
- Slides: 18