GLOBAL EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE Part 1

GLOBAL EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE Part 1: The United States Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

• MONITORING • HAZARD MAPS • INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION DATA BASES AND INFORMATION ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK YOUR BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS • PREPAREDNESS • PROTECTION • EM RESPONSE • RECOSTRUCTION AND RECOVERY

PREPAREDNESS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE ARE ESSENTIAL PILLARS OF GLOBAL EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE

NOTE: EVERY TIME AN EARTHQUAKE DISASTER OCCURS, WE HAVE NEW KNOWLEDGE TO ADD TO OUR “BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE” ON PREPAREDNESS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE

WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS? Preparedness is a state of readiness on individual, urban, sub-regional, and national scales that is sufficient to keep the expected and unexpected effects of an earthquake from causing a disaster

WHAT IS EMERGENCY RESPONSE (Emergency Response is All of the scripted and unscripted heroic and historic responses during the “race against time” after a quake to save lives and protect property

NOTE AS CAPABILITY FOR PREPAREDNESS INCREASES, SO DOES PROTECTION OF IMPORTANT BUILDINGS AND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

WHAT IS PROTECTION? (Protection is a legally mandated state of planning and verified robustness, strength, and ductility for important buildings and essential - critical infrastructure to prevent loss of function

THE GOAL EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE: DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY CAPABILITIES OF COMMUNITY

REALITY LACK OF EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS INSUFFICIENT PREPAREDNESS OF COMMUNITY UNANTICIPATED DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY

REALITY LACK OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE CAPABILITY URGENT DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY INSUFFICIENT CAPABILITY TO RESPOND TO DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY

FOCUS ON PREPAREDNESS

KEY ELEMENTS OF PREPAREDNESS 1) KNOW YOUR TECTONIC PLATES AND SEISMICITY 2) KNOW YOUR FAULT ZONES 3) KNOW YOUR POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS 4) KNOW YOUR VULNERABILITIES

STATE-OF-THE-ART PREPAREDNESS PLANNING INTEGRATES ALL FOUR FACTORS

FACTOR 1: KNOW YOUR TECTONIC PLATES AND SEISMIC ACTIVITY (i. e. , SEISMICITY)

PACIFIC RING OF FIRE • PRONE TO EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMIS

EARTHQUAKE ACTIVITY

STATES WITH THE MOST EATHQUAKE ACTIVITY

FACTOR 2: KNOW YOUR FAULT ZONES

FAULTS

THE USA’S MOST NOTABLE PLATE BOUNDARY FAULT ZONE • SAN ANDREAS FAULT • 600 MILES LONG • SOURCE OF M 8 EARTHQUAKES IN 1847 AND 1906

THE USA’S OTHER NOTABLE PLATE BOUNDARY FAULT ZONE • THE JUAN DE FUCA PLATE • SUBDUCTING BENEATH WASHINGTON AND OREGON; • POTENTIAL FOR M 9. 0 QUAKE

ONE O F THE USA’S TWO NOTABLE INTRA-PLATE FAULT ZONES • WASATCH FAULT (UTAH) • 250 MILES LONG • POTENTIAL SOURCE OF M 7. 0 -7. 5 EARTHQUAKES

ONE O F THE USA’S TWO NOTABLE INTRA-PLATE FAULT ZONES • NEW MADRID SEISMIC ZONE • SOURCE OF FOUR M 8 EARTHQUAKES IN 1811 --1812

FACTOR 3: KNOW YOUR POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS

NOTE PREPAREADNESS AND EM. RESPONSE INCREASE AS THE CAPABILITY TO ANTICIPATE WHAT WILL HAPPEN INCREASES

TO ANTICIPATE THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS REQUIRES KNOWLEDGE • • • STRONG GROUND SHAKING TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP LIQUEFACTION LANDSLIDES AFTERSHOCKS

STRONG GROUND SHAKING

FACTOR 4: KNOW YOUR VULNERABILITIES

GROUND SHAKING CAUSES SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LOSSES

EXAMPLES OF THE INTEGRATION PROCESS

SAN FRANCISCO: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING • HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR? • WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR? • HOW BIG WILL IT BE? • HOW STRONG WILL ITS POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?

PREPAREDNESS PLANNING (Continued)? • WHAT KINDS OF BUILDINGS ARE AT RISK? • WHAT KINDS OF BASIC, ESSENTIAL, AND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AT RISK? • WHAT ARE THEIR PHYSICAL VULNERABILITIES

PREPAREDNESS PLANNING (Continued)? • WHAT ARE THE SOCIAL VULNERABILITIES • WHAT IS THE LIKELY DAMAGE DISTRIBUTION? • WHAT ARE THE LIKELY CASUALTIES, SOCIOECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS?

ANCHORAGE, AK: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING • HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR? • WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR? • HOW BIG WILL IT BE? • HOW STRONG WILL ITS POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?

SEATTLE, WA: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING • HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR? • WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR? • HOW BIG WILL IT BE? • HOW STRONG WILL ITS POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?

LOS ANGELES: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING • HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR? • WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR? • HOW BIG WILL IT BE? • HOW STRONG WILL ITS POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?

SAN JUAN, PR: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING • HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR? • WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR? • HOW BIG WILL IT BE? • HOW STRONG WILL ITS POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?

ALASKA, WASHINGTON, OREGON, CALIF. , PUERTO RICO HOW BIG WILL THE TSUNAMI WAVE RUN UP BE?

SALT LAKE CITY: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING • HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR? • WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR? • HOW BIG WILL IT BE? • HOW STRONG WILL ITS POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?

MEMPHIS, TN: PREPAREDNESS PLANNING • HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR? • WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR? • HOW BIG WILL IT BE? • HOW STRONG WILL ITS POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?

FOCUS ON EMERGENCY RESPONSE

NOTE: EM. RESPONSE IS HIGHLY POLITICAL, SO COMMUNITY LEADERS MUST BE PREPARED FOR ONGOING MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS WITH NUMEROUS PUBLICS

TYPICAL SITUATIONS IN EMERGENCY. RESPONSE • DAMAGE; DEBRIS • COLLAPSE • TRAPPED SURVIVORS • SEARCH AND RESCUE CLOCK • FIRE • INUNDATION • EVACUATION CENTERS • EM. MEDICAL • MASS CARE • HAZ MAT RELEASE • INJURIES • DEATHS

KEY ELEMENTS OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE • HISTORIC RESPONSES: The professional and non-professional responders will be making history for at least forty-eight hours (a “place holder” for the intense period of search and rescue operations) and thirty days (a “place holder” for the intense time of the “no room for error” decisions) that must be made.

KEY ELEMENTS OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE • HEROIC RESPONSES: The professional and non-professional responders will be working at the margins of their capability for at least twenty-four hours and twenty-one days.

EXAMPLES OF HISTORIC EMERGENCY RESPONSE SITUATIONS Part 2: The Wise Learn From All Their Earthquake Disasters

EXAMPLE: DAMAGE TO SCHOOL • ALASKA (1964): Timely search and rescue during a forty-eight hour “race against time” to save lives and protect property

EXAMPLE: DAMAGE FROM TSUNAMI WAVE RUN UP • ALASKA (1964): • Timely responses during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property

EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF ELEVATED HIGHWAY; DEATHS • LOMA PRIETO, CA (1989): • Timely responses during a forty-eight hour and thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property

EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION AND COMMUTING CAPABILITY • LOMA PRIETA, CA EARTHQUAKE (1989): • Timely responses during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property

EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION • NORTHRIDGE, CA (1994): • Timely responses during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property

EXAMPLE: HAZ-MAT RELEASE AND FIRE • ALASKA (1964): Timely responses during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property

EXAMPLES OF HISTORIC EMERGENCY RESPONSE SITUATIONS Part 2: The Wise ALSO Learn From All Global Earthquake Disasters

EXAMPLE: 240, 000 DEAD • TANGSHAN, CHINA (1976) EARTHQUAKE: The impossible situation; too late for a race against time” to save lives and protect property.

EXAMPLE: 230, 000 DEAD IN TSUNAMI • INDONESIA (2004): The impossible situation; too late for a race against time” to save lives and protect property.

EXAMPLE: 88, 000 DEAD; 50 MILLION BUILDINGS DAMAGED • CHINA (2008): • The impossible situation; too late for a race against time” to save lives and protect property.

EXAMPLE: 30, 000 DEAD • JAPAN (2011): • The impossible situation; too late for a race against time” to save lives and protect property.

CONCLUSION EVERY TIME AN EARTHQUAKE DISASTER OCCURS, WE HAVE NEW KNOWLEDGE TO ADD TO OUR “BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE” FOR THE NEXT STEPS: POST-DISASTER RECOVERY

THE NEXT STEPS: RECONSTRUCTION AND RECOVERY