Global 562016 IO Begin the profile of the

Global: 5/6/2016 • I/O: Begin the profile of the Breakup of the Soviet Union • Key Question: What long and short term factors lead to the breakup of the Soviet Union? • Key Words: Cold War; SALT Treaty; Glasnost; Perestroika; Solidarity • CCS: 2; 5 • Homework: Study for Quiz Tomorrow. Hmwk #2: 880 – 884 for Monday (China/Communism and Chairman Mao) • Power. Point is on line: Marking Period Three • Follow directions on line!!!

Quiz Topics for Tomorrow: (5/6) • How did the following contribute to the Breakup of the Soviet Union? • Glasnost • Perestroika • The Soviet War with Afghanistan • Solidarity Movement in Poland

Vladimir Lenin (b. 1870 -1924) • Leader of Bolsheviks • Founder of Soviet Union – 1922 -1924 • Begins to movement toward Totalitarian Control. • Established the USSR

Josef Stalin: (b. 1878 -1953) • 1925 -1953 • Initiated Five-Year plans & Collectivization • Began Cold War 1945 • Est. the Iron Curtain – post WWII • Set up Satellite Nations/USSR

Nikita Khrushchev: (b. 1894 -1971) • 1953 -1964 • Gives “secret Speech condemning Stalin’s tactics • Built Berlin Wall • Sputnik 1 & Space Race • Cuban Missile Crisis: shows his “weakness” • Out of office by 1964

Leonid Brezhnev: (b. 1906 -1982) • 1964 -1982 • Détente: a period in Cold War between 1971 -1979 where tensions eased • U. S. & Soviets signed SALT on nuclear arms (1969 & 1979) – Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty – U. S. & Soviets agreed to decrease nuclear arsenals • Established the Brezhnev Doctrine: Protect Communism against Capitalist nations.

Pres. Carter & Brezhnev sign SALT

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan 1979 • Soviet backed Afghan Gov’t was under siege from radical Islamic militants called the mujahedeen – Were Muslim fighters who wanted Soviet supported gov’t removed – Many Arabs from M. E. joined • War in Afghanistan made the Soviet Military weaker!!!

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan 1979 • U. S. backed the Islamic mujahedeen – Provided arms, training, & $$$ – Many would join the Taliban later in 1990 s (Osama Bin Laden) • Soviets withdrew in 1989 – their “Vietnam” & dishonorable war! • Since the big bad Soviet Army was defeated, soviet Satellites got braver. . . sought independence! • Afghanistan was ruled by radical Islamicists led by Taliban

Soviet Troops & Mujahedeen fighters

Mikhail Gorbachev (b. 1931 - ___) • 1985 -1991 • He would be last Soviet dictator • 1980 s - Soviet economy was in peril (stagnation – no growth) • Gorbachev promised to change culture of S. Union both politically & economically

Reforms under Gorbachev • Perestroika (restructuring): • Economic reforms • Wanted to modify Soviet economy to be more free market, but still remain command • Allowed for state owned businesses to determine production • Foreign investment allowed • Farms still collectivized • Glasnost: • “Openness” to speak freely • Censorship relaxed & freer press allowed • Gov’t could be criticized • Dissidents released from prison • People could now speak out without fear of prison!

Causes of the Fall of Soviet Union • 1. Glasnost created freer society, but also allowed for greater criticism of Soviet policies & Gorbachev – Free elections allowed in E. Europe in 1989 • 2. U. S. Pres. , Ronald Reagan began an arms race that helped bankrupt Soviets • 3. Ethnic Nationalism in E. Europe - Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Ukraine wanted OUT of S. U. • Weaker Soviet Army meant that independence for Soviet Satellites was a reality!

Poland & Cold War • 1980 s – Poland’s poor economy & high prices led to large labor strikes in Poland • Polish workers formed the Solidarity Union & were led by Lech Walesa – Wanted Free elections & more democratic reforms

Solidarity Labor Strike Gdansk

Rise of Solidarity • Solidarity gained millions of followers • Cath. Church supported mov’t – Pope John Paul II supported mov’t • Free elections allowed in 1989 & Solidarity took control of Gov’t • Lech Walesa elected president (1990 -1995) • Poland was first E. European country to rid itself of communism

Democracy Movement in E. Europe • Hungary voted out the communist party & opened border w/ Austria (West Europe) in 1989 • Thousands of East Germans fled to Austria through Hungary’s border • Mass protest erupted in E. German to open border, Soviets would not INTERVENE! • Communist gov’t in E. Germany opened Berlin Wall for travel Nov. 9 th 1989 – this all but ended communists control over E. Germany • East & West Germany reunified Oct. 1990 • Soviet Union had lost total control over Satellites • Russia withdrew from Soviet Union December 25, 1991 COLD WAR WAS OVER

Model for defining terms • Term/ID provide … – Historical time period or exact date – Historical significance – Can you relate the term/ID to another term/ID? • EX: Mao Zedong • Mao was the leader of the Chinese Communist party that came to power in 1949 and est. the People’s Republic of China. He instituted Marxist policies such as the Great Leap Forward that ultimately failed to modernize China.

Set up your notes … • Write you answer next to the number • Ex – 1. Mao Zedong • You can use your notes if you’d like

What is the term/ID • 1. Iron Curtain Speech was written by. . ? • 2. Gandhi protested this countries rule in India? • 3. During this period in South Africa (1948 -1994), this policy was established. • 4. Major protest of Indian independence in 1930 • 5. Victims of Genocide during WWI by Ottomans • 6. Big traditional social hierarchy still exists in India

What is the term/ID • 7. Alliance formed by Soviets to resist threats from Western Europe & America • 8. Chinese Communists major supporters in revolution? • 9. Ataturk tried to _____ Turkey. • 10. Policies that opened China to world trade & foreign investment • 11. Country where minority whites ruled for most of 20 th century • 12. The destruction of this symbol became synonymous with the end of the Cold War?

What is the term/ID • 13. Middle East became important to global economy because of its reserves of this resource? • 14. ____ stresses a return to orthodox religious traditions. This has occurred in many Islamic countries. • 15. 1 st post apartheid president of SA? • 16. Conflicts between Hindus & Muslims in India resulted in this in 1947? • 17. One positive long term effect of British rule in India was the establishment of … • 18. Pro-democracy movement that resulted in massacre of thousands of demonstration 1989. Where & Title?

What is the term/ID • 19. Invasion of France in WWII that created 2 front war for Germany • 20. What is similar about these people – Armenians, Cambodians, Jews • 21. Munich Conference was an example of this failed policy • 22. In 1917 revolution, Russia was the 1 st nation to …. • 23. Stalin increased heavy industry under his … • 24. Poor economic conditions in Italy & GR in the 1920 s & 1930’s led to rise of this type of gov’t?

What is the term/ID • 25. This was est. after the destruction of WWII in 1945? • 26. Who said “Peace, Land, Bread. ” • 27. Trial that held war criminals responsible for 1 st time. • 28. Failed to contain Hitler & Mussolini from aggressive acts • 29. Last event of WWII that ended war • 30. Tsar during Russian Revolution who abdicated?

What is the term/ID • 31. Economic & military aid to Western Europe, Turkey, & Greece during late 1940’s & 50 s to combat communism • 32. Alliance formed by Western powers to combat Communism. • 33. This city was blockaded by Soviets in 1948 • 34. This type of economy existed under Communist state • 35. What year did the event happen in? – – A. Russian Revolution B. Treaty of Versailles C. German Invasion of Poland D. Hiroshima & Nagasaki attacked • 36. This policy was associated with the Truman Doctrine