GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM Dr Katalin Gallatz FUNCTION AND TYPES
- Slides: 45
GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM Dr. Katalin Gallatz
FUNCTION AND TYPES OF EPITHELIUM 3. Absorbtion 4. Excretion 5. Secretion GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM 6. Sensation SENSORY EPITHELIUM 7. Contractility MYOEPITHEL COVERING EPITHELIUM 1. Covering and protecting surfaces 2. Diffusion
Covering and protection – Covering epithelium 1. epithelial cells cover the external and internal surfaces, 2. protect underlying tissue from mechanical injury, harmful chemicals, invading bacteria and from excessive loss of water. Diffusion Simple squamous epithelium promotes the diffusion of gases, liquids and nutrients ( walls of capillaries and lungs).
Characteristics of covering epithelia 1. Cells of the epithelium are closely packed. 2. Junctional complexes can be found beetween the cells. 3. Small amount of intercellular substance 4. Cells form one or more layers. 5. Cover or line all internal and external body surfaces. 6. Basement membrane separates it from the underlying tissues
BASEMENT MEMBRANE COMPONENTS: I. Basal lamina a. lamina lucida b. lamina densa II. Reticular lamina
Types of covering epithelium Covering epithelium can be divided into two groups depending on the number of layers 1. simple epithelium is only one cell thick 2. stratified epithelium is two or more cells thick
Glandular Epithelium n n n Epithelial are cells specialized to produce secretion. Secretion – exocytotic release of products, Molecules to be secreted may be stored in membrane bound secretory granules
Glands are classified as : n ENDOCRINE and EXOCRINE depending on their route of secretion
Formation of the exocrine and endocrine glands
ENDOCRINE GLANDS n Secretory products called hormones, are secreted directly into the blood n n No ducts Large amount of capillaries
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
Follicular type (thyroid gland) adenohypophysis
EXOCRINE GLANDS n release their products onto the free surface of the skin or n mucouos membranes of tubular organs of the digestive, respiratory or reproductive tracts.
Exocrine glands the can be classified according to A) Number of cells Uni- or multicellular B) Mode of secretion holocrine, apocrine, merocrine D) Shape tubular, alveolar (acinar), tubuloalveolar C) Secretory products mucous and serous
Classification according to the number of the cells 1. Unicellular 2. Multicellular A. ) simple (one unbranched duct)- sweat gland B. ) compound (branched ducts) salivary glands, pancreas
Unicellular glands n They are scattered among other non-secretory epithelial cells n They have no ducts, but they secrete their products directly on the free surface n The most common unicellular exocrine glands are the goblet cells (mucus secreting cells)
Unicellular endoepithelial gland: goblet cell Narrow basal part: nucleus and RER Apical part: basophilic mucin containing secretory granules foamy apperence From Dr. Zita Puskár
Unicellular glands
trachea Goblet cells small intestine simple columnar epithelium with cuticule Pseudostratified columnar epithelium From Dr. Zita Puskár
Demonstration of mucins with different stainings small intestine H. E. pale small intestine PAS purple large intestine mucicarmin redish From Dr. Zita Puskár
EM picture of the goblet cell
Multicellular glands a) intraepithelial gland is entirely within the epithelium. b) extraepithelial gland below epithelium
Multicellular endoepithelial glands In the epithelium of the male urethra From Dr. Zita Puskár
Exocrine gland types according to their shape
Compound tubuloalveolar mixed gland submandibular gland
Modes of Secretion (how products leave the cell) 1) merocrine - secretion does not affect the well-being of the cell sweat glands, salivary glands, pancreas etc. 2) apocrine 3) holocrine - small part of the cell cytoplasm is lost with the secretion; mammary glands - great deal of cytoplasm is lost with the secretion; the cell dies. sebaceous glands
Modes of Secretion (how products leave the cell) merocrine apocrine -secretory granules are formed inside the cytoplasm, and leave the cell with exocytosis, pancreas, salivary glands, lacimal gland, sweat glands holocrine Apical part of the The whole cell cytoplasm with a part of degenerates, dies the cell-membrane and forms the leaves the surface secretum mammary gland sebaceaous glands
11. Holocrine secretion (sebaceous gland, hairy skin, H-E) The whole cell degenerates, dies and forms the secretum
HOLOCRINE SECRETION SEBACEAUOS GLAND
APOCRINE SECRETION mammary gland Apical part of the cytoplasm with a part of the cell-membrane leaves the surface
Merocrine secretion Secretory granules are formed inside the cytoplasm, and leave the cell with exocytosis
MEROCRINE SECRETION Sero-mucous gland (submandibular gland)
Composition of the secretum A) mucous B) serous C) sero-mucous D) lipid
Mucous gland - basally located nuclei - viscous secretory product - well-seen, wide lumen - pale-stained, foamy citoplasm with H. E. Esophagus
Salivary gland HE Serous glands - centrally located nucleus - basophil cytoplasm - narrow lumen - protein-reach fluidy secretum Exocrine pancreas HE
Serous (pancreatic acinar) cell
Mixed sero-mucous gland Gianuzzi’s demilune ducts M S
MEROCRINE SECRETION Sero-mucous gland submandibular gland
Sero-mucous gland
Parts of the duct-system A. Intercalated duct B. Salivary (striated) duct C. Interlobular duct D. Excretory duct A B
interlobular duct intercalated duct
Myoepithelium n n n Myoepithelium - specialized epithelial cells with powers of contraction, Surround glandular acini and ducts of many glands, Contain actin, myosin, cytotokeratin definitely epithelial in origin
Myoepithelial cell in salivary gland
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