Glands Difference between endocrine exocrine Endocrine glands release

Glands

Difference between endocrine & exocrine • Endocrine glands release chemical substances directly into the bloodstream or tissues of the body. The chemical substances released by the endocrine glands are known as hormones. • Exocrine glands release chemical substances through ducts to outside the body or onto another surface within the body. Muhammed Asif 20 -Nov-17 2

Endocrine glands 20 -Nov-17 Muhammed Asif 3

Exocrine glands 20 -Nov-17 Muhammed Asif 4

Salivary glands

• Salivary glands are accessory glands of digestion • Salivary glands secrete SALIVA • They pour saliva to oral cavity. • There are 3 types of salivary gland 1. Parotid gland 2. Submandibular gland 20 -Nov-17 3. Sublingual gland Muhammed Asif 6

Functions of saliva 1. It consist water, mucus, salivary amylase, immunogloulins. 2. It moistens food 3. It lubricates and moistens oral mucosa and lip 4. It initiates the digestion of carbohydrates 20 -Nov-17 Muhammed Asif 7

Terminologie s • Acini üA group of secretory cells that are arranged around the narrow lumen • Ducts üchannels which conveys saliva 20 -Nov-17 Muhammed Asif 8

Ducts Two types 1. 2. Intralobular Interlobular 1. Intralobular Present in lobes Two types 1. 2. Intercalated ducts Striated ducts Intercalated duct - Lined by cuboidal cells Striated duct - Lined by columnar cells 2. Interlobular - striated ducts empty into interlobular ducts - Present in connective tissue septa - Lined by stratified columnar cells 20 -Nov-17 Muhammed Asif 9

DUCTS – striated, intercalated, interlobular 20 -Nov-17 Muhammed Asif 10

Parotid • Largest salivary gland • Serous in nature • Covered by capsule • Septa from capsule divide the gland into lobes & lobules 20 -Nov-17 Muhammed Asif 11

Acini ü Called as serous acini ü Shape – rounded ü Consist of pyramidal cells called serous cells ü Shows very small lumen ü Stains dark 20 -Nov-17 Muhammed Asif 12

Serous cells § Serous cells are pyramidal in shape § Nucleus are placed near to the center usually towards base § Apical portion filled with ZYMOGEN granules & base with RER § It shows biphasic staining (apex - eosinophilic ; base - basophilic) 20 -Nov-17 Muhammed Asif 13

Parotid gland 20 -Nov-17 Muhammed Asif 14

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Sublingual gland • Mucous in nature • No definite capsule • Septa divide the gland into lobules 20 -Nov-17 Muhammed Asif 17

Acini – Called as mucous acini – It shows wide lumen – consist of large sized columnar cells – It stains lightly 20 -Nov-17 Muhammed Asif 18

Mucous cells – Large columnar cells – Stain lightly – Nucleus are flat & situated towards BM – Apical region contains mucinogen granules 20 -Nov-17 Muhammed Asif 19

Ducts 1) Intralobular – Intercalated – Striated ducts 2) Interlobular duct 20 -Nov-17 Muhammed Asif 20

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Submandibular • It is mixed salivary gland • Covered by capsule • Septa divide the gland into lobules 20 -Nov-17 Muhammed Asif 23

• Acini – It consist of both serous acini & mucous acini – At some places mucous acini are capped with serous cells called serous deminules. 20 -Nov-17 Muhammed Asif 24

Submandibular 20 -Nov-17 Muhammed Asif 25

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