Giving Credit Where Credit is Due MLA Style

Giving Credit Where Credit is Due ~ MLA Style How to Avoid Plagiarism & Other Forms of Academic Dishonesty

Giving Credit Where Credit is Due � Few academic presentations and papers are produced without help. � When � This you get help, it’s important to give credit Power. Point presentation is no exception

Giving Credit Where Credit is Due � To put this together, we received help from: www. lib. sfu. ca/helpwriting/ � And http: //owl. english. purdue. edu � Make note of these two websites – they are great resources for researching, writing and citing in your papers.

Academic Papers are Different � College and university papers are not simply reports on a subject � Academic papers expect you to demonstrate how well you know the topic you are writing about. � The best way to do that is to inform yourself about your topic before you start the writing process. ◦ This means making sure you have completed the assigned readings

Academic Papers are Different � College and university papers must meet certain academic and scholarship standards � That means respecting the work of other scholars by acknowledging that you are using their work.

Citing as You’re Writing � Academic Writing involves incorporating the words and/or ideas of other experts in your topic into your paper. � As you write, remember to include citations as you go ◦ That way you won’t forget to cite a source

Citing as You’re Writing � You need to do this, even on a rough draft � If you submit a draft without citations, it still counts as plagiarism � You will be penalised for this

Citing as You’re Writing � You must cite any document any sources that you have consulted, even if you present the ideas from these sources in your own words.

General Rules for Using MLA � MLA requires that the entire paper be double- spaced. �MLA uses parenthetical citations. ◦ The author’s name and page number are placed in a bracket after a quote or paraphrase like this: �(Gilbert 33)

General Rules for Using MLA � At the end of the paper you will have a page that lists all the sources you consulted for writing your paper. It is also double-spaced. ◦ This is called the “Works Cited” page in MLA style papers. �[“Reference List” for APA & “Bibliography” for Chicago Style]

General Rules for Using MLA � Number all pages consecutively, beginning with the title page, in Arabic numerals (e. g. , 4, not IV) in the upper right-hand corner, after your last name. � Spelling: Oxford English Dictionary or the Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary are the standard spelling references for MLA journals and books

How to Cite – General Rules �When you cite an author, for the first time in your essay, include the author’s last name and the page number. ◦ For all consecutive references from the same source all you need to do is include the page number.

How to Cite – General Rules 1 st & 2 nd Citation One Source, ‘consecutive’ citation Despite the fact that she has been practicing her yoga mantra for more than two years she says it does not successfully guide her into meditation. (Gilbert 133) No matter how often she tries, she does not find the mantra useful. Indeed, she complains that it “doesn’t sit comfortably in my head” and “actually gets stuck in my throat” (133).

Citing as You’re Writing �You must include citations for: ◦ Specific words — these should be in quotation marks ◦ Summarizing (paraphrasing) the ideas of another writer ◦ General ideas or concepts of another writer ◦ Or a particular line of argument, even if you are adding to that line of argument

When to Cite: Direct Quote Original Text Student Paper Most opposition to abortion relies on the premise that the fetus is a human being, a person, from the moment of conception. The premise is argued for, but, as I think, not well. Most arguments opposing abortion rely “on the premise that the fetus is a human being, a person, from the moment of conception”, but the support for this premise is open to debate (Thomson 47).

When to Cite: Direct Quote Works Cited Thomson, Judith Jarvis. “A Defense of Abortion”, Journal of Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1: 1 (Autumn 1971): 47 -66. JSTOR. Web 22 Oct. 2012.

When to Cite: Paraphrase Original Text Student Paper Most opposition to abortion relies on the premise that the fetus is a human being, a person, from the moment of conception. The premise is argued for, but, as I think, not well. While many arguments opposing abortion are premised on the idea that we are human beings and should be considered persons from the moment of conception, Thomson believes these arguments are not well supported (47).

When to Cite: Paraphrase Even though in this case you have only paraphrased the author’s words, the information on the “Works Cited” page is the same Works Cited Thomson, Judith Jarvis. “A Defense of Abortion”, Journal of Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1: 1 (Autumn, 1971): 47 -66. JSTOR. Web 22 Oct. 2012.

When to Cite: Using an Idea Original Text Student Paper Most opposition to abortion relies on the premise that the fetus is a human being, a person, from the moment of conception. The premise is argued for, but, as I think, not well. Many of the arguments against abortion are centred on the idea that we become persons at the moment of conception. I examine some of these claims, which have been criticised for not being very well argued (Thomson 47).

When to Cite: Using an Idea Even though in this case you have only borrowed an idea from an author – one that you plan to expand on – the information on the “Works Cited” page is still the same. Works Cited Thomson, Judith Jarvis. “A Defense of Abortion”, Journal of Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1: 1 (Autumn, 1971): 47 -66. JSTOR. Web 22 Oct. 2012.

How to Cite – MLA Style �For each of these types of text or media, there are 2 options when using in text citations.

How to Cite – MLA Style � When you are paraphrasing or quoting directly from the source, but you don’t mention the author in your sentence, include the author’s last name & the page number(s) in the bracket. � If you are referring to the author, or the document in your sentence, then you just need the page number.

How to Cite – MLA Style Book With 1 Author In-text Citation 1. In-text Citation 2. She struggled with her yoga mantra, which she didn’t feel was particularly helpful. No matter how many times she repeats it in her head, the mantra always seems to get stuck in her throat (Gilbert 133). Gilbert complains that her yoga mantra “doesn’t sit comfortably in my head” (133). In fact, Gilbert claims, “it actually gets stuck in my throat, making my chest clench tightly, making me nervous”(133).

How to Cite – MLA Style Book With 1 Author Works Cited Gilbert, Elizabeth. Eat, Pray, Love. New York: Penguin Books, 2006. Print.

How to Cite – MLA Style Two Authors (writing together) In-text Citation 1. In-text Citation 2. Groarke and Tindale note that recognizing an argument, we need to delineate its structure as argument is only the first step in deciding how to a first step in deciding assess it (33). how we should assess it” (Groarke and Tindale 33). “Once we recognize an

How to Cite – MLA Style Two Authors (writing together) Works Cited Groarke, Leo A. and Christopher W. Tindale. Good Reasoning Matters! 3 rd ed. Don Mills: Oxford University Press Can. , 2004. Print. Authors are listed according to how they appear on the book’s title page

How to Cite – MLA Style Multiple Authors (writing together) In-text Citation 1. In-text Citation 2. Because of the widespread adoption of technology and media by consumers, the use of integrated marketing communications is more critical than ever (Belch et al. 22). Belch et al. note that integrated marketing communications has become crucial because of the widespread adoption of technology and media by consumers (22).

How to Cite – MLA Style Multiple Authors (writing together) Works Cited Belch, George E. et al, Advertising & Promotion. 4 th Canadian ed. Whitby: Mc. Graw-Hill Ryerson, 2011. Print. Special note: this book did not list the location of the publisher. We had to look it up on-line. Sometimes you may have to go that extra step to get all the correct information about your sources.

How to Cite – MLA Style Anthology (collection with different authors) In-text Citation 1. In the TV series, Battlestar Galactica, “[t]he Cylon rebellion” pits slave against master in a natural struggle for power and equal rights” (Sharp 195). In-text Citation 2. Sharp uses the Cylon revolt in the TV series, Battlestar Galactica, as an example of a rebellion that “pits slave against master in a natural struggle for power and equal rights” (195).

How to Cite – MLA Style Anthology (collection with different authors) Works Cited Sharp, Robert. “Nietzsche on the Cylon Uprising. ” Introducing Philosophy Through Pop Culture. Ed. William Irwin and David Kyle Johnson. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. 194 -203. Print.

How to Cite – MLA Style Book With 1 Author – collection of stories In-text Citation 1. In-text Citation 2. Dr. Watson was dominated by Holmes, who usually agreed to anything Holmes asked for because Holmes’ requests “were always so exceedingly definite, and put forward with such an air of mastery” (Doyle 135). Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes, is a strong-willed detective who could usually get Dr. Watson to do whatever he asked because Holmes’ requests “were always so exceedingly definite, and put forward with such an air of mastery” (135).

How to Cite – MLA Style Book With 1 Author – collection of stories Works Cited Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan. “The Man With the Twisted Lip”, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. New York: Scholastic Inc. , 2003. Print. Note: because this book is a collection of stories by one author, it is treated in a way that is similar to anthologies. Both the name of the story and the name of the book are listed.

How to Cite – MLA Book, no author or editor In-text Citation 1. In-text Citation 2. Alice wonders how she manages to keep things together on the outside, when inside she feels so “miserable, embarrassed and humiliated and beaten” (“Go Ask Alice” 6). In Go Ask Alice, Alice marvels at her own ability to keep things together on the outside, when inside she feels so “miserable, embarrassed and humiliated and beaten” (6).

How to Cite – MLA Book, no author or editor Works Cited Go Ask Alice. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1971. Print. Sometimes an anonymous book will have an editor, so you list the editor instead of an author and note that the person is an editor.

How to Cite – MLA Indirect Source Guidelines Sometimes you may end up quoting an author who is quoting someone else. When this happens, you cite your source – the book you are working from – and then note that it is a quotation, not a direct source. Example As Marcel Proust reminisced: "There are perhaps no days of our childhood we lived so fully as those. . . we spent with a favourite book” (qtd. in Wolf 6). Qtd means that it is being quoted from the book by Wolf, rather than the original work by Proust

How to Cite – MLA Indirect Source Works Cited Wolf, Maryanne. Proust and the Squid: The Story of the Reading Brain. New York: Harper, 2007. Print.

How to Cite – MLA Lecture Notes Guidelines If you use your class notes as a source, you must cite these too. Example The Principle of Universalizability and the Principle of Humanity are So, when you are taking two examples of what notes in class, make sure Kant calls categorical you DATE your notes. imperatives (bat Joseph). You will need that information for the Works Cited page.

How to Cite – MLA Lecture Notes Works Cited bat Joseph, Lindsey. “Kantian Ethics – Part 3”. Philosophy 110: Introduction to Moral Philosophy. Alexander College, Burnaby, B. C. 29 Oct. 2012. Class Lecture.

How to Cite – MLA Style Book, Corporate �A corporate author is an agency, government department or ministry, corporation, foundation, or organization that commissions a publication in its name. � The names of individual authors are not included on the publication's title page.

How to Cite – MLA Book, Corporate In-text Citation 1. In-text Citation 2. Post-secondary institutions around the world require students to demonstrate their ability to communicate effectively in English as a prerequisite for admission (Educational Testing Service 1). According to the Educational Testing Service, post-secondary institutions around the world require students to demonstrate their ability to communicate effectively in English as a prerequisite for admission (1).

How to Cite – MLA Book, Corporate Works Cited Educational Testing Service. The Official Guide to the TOEFL Test, 3 rd edition. New York: Mc. Graw-Hill, 2009. Print.

How to Cite – MLA Online Sources – General Rules � Include in the text the first item that appears in the Work Cited entry that corresponds to the citation (e. g. author’s name, article name, website name, film name). � You do not need to give paragraph numbers or page numbers based on your Web browser’s print preview function.

How to Cite – MLA Online Sources � In this next section, many of the sources have both an online and print media edition. � The information on the Works Cited page will reflect the changes in the source of the work. � There also some variations with parenthetical (in-text) citations, so pay close attention to the differences.

How to Cite – MLA Websites � Sometimes you may get information from a website that is not an online version of a journal, newspaper, magazine, nor is it an online movie or video source. � Treat sections of the website like articles � Include the website NAME as the source � List the publisher if one is listed � Include a publication, or last updated date � Include your date of access

How to Cite – MLA – Websites

How to Cite – MLA – Websites On the CSA website, the information about Commander Hadfield’s mission is under the tab, “Around the Mission” � Since there is no author, the title of this page is the title of the text. � 25 February 2013 is the date last update before this website was accessed. � In Text Citation The mission, which started on December 19, 2012 is expected to run until May 14, 2013 (“Around the Mission”). Works Cited “Around the Mission. ” Canadian Space Agency. Government of Canada. 25 Feb. 2013. Web. 26 Feb. 2013.

How to Cite – MLA Online Book In-text Citation 1. In-text Citation 2. One of the characteristics that distinguishes human beings from other animals is that “human beings have a tendency to be heavily preoccupied with thinking about themselves” (Frankfurt 1). Frankfurt notes that one of the things that distinguishes human beings from other animals is that “human beings have a tendency to be heavily preoccupied with thinking about themselves” (1).

How to Cite – MLA Online Book Works Cited Frankfurt, Harry G. “Taking Ourselves Seriously”. Taking Ourselves Seriously and Getting it Right. Ed. Debra Satz. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006. Google Book Search. Web. 29 Oct. 2012.

How to Cite – MLA (print) Article From Weekly or Monthly Magazine In-text Citation 1. In-text Citation 2. While bullying seems to be something that has always existed and will always exist, “just because something exists, [it] doesn’t mean that we can’t limit its presence” (Teitel 68). Teitel argues that even though bullying has long been a part of the human experience, “just because something exists, [it] doesn’t mean that we can’t limit its presence” (68).

How to Cite – MLA (print) Weekly or Monthly Magazine Works Cited Teitel, Emma. “Bullied to death. ” Maclean’s 29 Oct. 2012: 68 -70. Print.

How to Cite – MLA (online) Weekly or Monthly Magazine In-text Citation 1. While bullying seems to be something that has always existed and will always exist, “just because something exists, [it] doesn’t mean that we can’t limit its presence” (Teitel). In-text Citation 2. Teitel argues that even though bullying has long been a part of the human experience, “just because something exists, [it] doesn’t mean that we can’t limit its presence” (Teitel).

How to Cite – MLA (online) Weekly or Monthly Magazine Works Cited Teitel, Emma. “Bullied to death. ” Maclean’s 23 Oct. 2012. Web. 1 Nov 2012. Notice that the publication information is different for the same article. It was posted on Maclean’s website on 23 Oct. but not published in the print magazine until 29 Oct. Never assume that the publication information for the web and print versions of the same article will be identical. Sometimes the information will be different.

How to Cite – MLA (print) Print Newspaper Article In-text Citation 1. In-text Citation 2. Rather than opening their convention to the press, the Liberals “invited ridicule and scorn by tossing reporters from a weekend strategy session” (Hutchinson A 4). Hutchinson argues that the Liberals “invited ridicule and scorn by tossing reporters from a weekend strategy session” (A 4) and making a mockery of their claims to be open and transparent.

How to Cite – MLA (print) Newspaper Article Works Cited Hutchinson, Gary. “Nothing Bold at Liberal meet. ” National Post 29 Oct. 2012: A 1+A 4. Print. This article began on page A 1 and then continued on page A 4, so we list it as A 1+A 4. If the article had begun on A 1 and continued on A 2, then page numbers would have been listed as A 1 -2.

How to Cite – MLA Online Newspaper Article In-text Citation 1. Rather than opening their convention to the press, the Liberals “invited ridicule and scorn by tossing reporters from a weekend strategy session” (Hutchinson). In-text Citation 2. Hutchinson argues that the Liberals “invited ridicule and scorn by tossing reporters from a weekend strategy session” (Hutchinson), making a mockery of their claims to be open and transparent. This is the same article, but this time we retrieved it from the National Post web edition. Notice that in both instances the author’s name is in brackets. The author’s name is the ‘identifier’ that appears on the Works Cited page, so we use that in both cases.

How to Cite – MLA Online Newspaper Article Works Cited Hutchinson, Gary. “Nothing Bold at Liberal meet. ” National Post 29 Oct. 2012. Web. 1 Nov. 2012. This is the same article, but this time we retrieved it from the National Post web edition. There are no page numbers on the web edition, so none are listed here. We also note that it’s web sourced and the date we accessed it.

How to Cite – MLA (print) Newspaper Article (no author) In-text Citation 1. In-text Citation 2. In the fall of 2011 police forces in Vancouver demonstrated their valuation of citizen journalism by serving warrants for photos and video footage of the Vancouver riot to all local major media outlets (“Society” A 8). In “Society can’t afford camera-shy police” the National Post argues that while the police value citizen journalism for its information on the Vancouver riots, they do not appreciate those same cameras reporting on police activities (A 8).

How to Cite – MLA (print) Newspaper Article (no author) Works Cited “Society can’t afford camera-shy police. ” National Post. Editorial. 29 Oct. 2012: A 8 Print. Note: because this is an editorial, that is noted in the Works Cited.

How to Cite – MLA (online) Newspaper Article (no author) In-text Citation 1. In-text Citation 2. In the fall of 2011 police forces in Vancouver demonstrated their valuation of citizen journalism by serving warrants for photos and video footage of the Vancouver riot to all local major media outlets (“Society”). In “Society can’t afford camera-shy police” the National Post argues that while the police value citizen journalism for its information on the Vancouver riots, they do not appreciate those same cameras reporting on police activities (“Society”).

How to Cite – MLA (online) Newspaper Article (no author) Works Cited “Society can’t afford camera-shy police. ” National Post. Editorial. 29 Oct. 2012. Web. 1 Nov. 2012. Note, there are no page numbers because this is from a website. Because it is an Editorial, that is noted in the Works Cited as well.

How to Cite – MLA Article From a Print Journal In-text Citation 1. While the targets of Victorian era censorship laws were primarily the overtly blasphemous and pornographic works of the era, it “does not mean that ‘serious’ Victorian novelists considered their works to be uncensored (Gilbert 542). In-text Citation 2. Gilbert notes that even though censorship laws in the Victorian era were primarily aimed at the overtly pornographic or blasphemous, the “serious” novelists of the day did not consider “their works to be uncensored” (542).

How to Cite – MLA Article From a Print Journal Works Cited Gilbert, Nora. “Thackeray, Sturges, and the Scandal of Censorship. ” PMLA 127. 3 (May 2012): 542 -557. Print.

How to Cite – MLA Online Journal retrieved from data-base In-text Citation 1. In-text Citation 2. In Nazi Germany, under the guise of statesponsored euthanasia, “Anyone in a state institution could be sent to the gas chambers if it was considered that he could not be ‘rehabilitated’ for useful work” (Foot 85). Foot takes issue with limiting the definition of euthanasia as a pleasant death because under Hitler thousands of Germans in state institutions were “sent to the gas chambers if it was considered that he could not be ‘rehabilitated’ for useful work” (85).

How to Cite – MLA Online Journal retrieved from data-base Works Cited Foot, Philippa. “Euthanasia. ” Philosophy & Public Affairs 6. 2 (Winter 1977): 85 -112 JSTOR. Web. 31 Oct. 2012.

How to Cite – MLA D ic t io n a r ie s Sometimes you will come across words you don’t understand when you are doing research, so you make a quick search online for a definition. This is how you cite an online dictionary. Online Dictionary While the word “hunker” originally meant "to crouch" or "to squat, " its extended meaning is "to settle in or dig in for a sustained period" usually refers to taking shelter or waiting through something unpleasant or difficult (“Hunker”).

How to Cite – MLA Online Dictionary Works Cited “Hunker. ” Merriam-Webster Dictionary Online. Web. 8 Nov. 2012. For other resources such as print dictionaries, encyclopedias, thesaurus’, the Bible, etc. , check the MLA style guide at http: //www. lib. sfu. ca/help/writing/mla or http: //owl. english. purdue. edu

How to Cite – MLA Films, DVD, or Online Movie Stores General Guidelines It is recommended that you work the title of the film into your essay. For example: Although billed as an action film, Wanted presents viewers with an example of consequentialist philosophy carried to its most logical, extreme conclusion.

How to Cite – MLA Films, DVD, or Online Movie Stores General Guidelines List ‘Film’, DVD, or the name of the on-line movie cite that you are using as the source for this movie. � You may NOT use or cite movies downloaded from illegal sites such as Pirate Bay, MEGA Movies, etc. �

How to Cite – MLA Films, DVD Works Cited Wanted. Dir. Timur Bekmametov. Universal. 2008. Film. OR Wanted. Dir. Timur Bekmametov. Universal. 2008. DVD. OR Wanted. Dir. Timur Bekmametov. Universal. 2008. i. Tunes. Web. 1 Nov. 2012.

How to Cite – MLA Online Film (e. g. You. Tube Video) General Guidelines It is recommended that you work the title of the film into your essay. For example: In Whedon on Romney, the filmmaker claims it is Mitt Romney’s “commitment to ungoverned corporate privilege that will nosedive this economy into true insolvency and chaos. ”

How to Cite – MLA Online Film (e. g. You. Tube Video) Works Cited Whedon, Joss. “Whedon on Romney. ” You. Tube. Whedon. On. Romney, 28 Oct. 2012. Web. 1 Nov. 2012. On the You. Tube website page, below the video, it tells you who published the video and the date it was published. This is listed after You. Tube, followed by the date you accessed the video. If there is no publisher, then just list the video by title, date accessed.

Resources � If you have a source that is not listed here, check www. lib. sfu. ca/helpwriting/mla � Or � http: //owl. english. purdue. edu Or ask the Librarian � Remember that your instructor is the final authority. ◦ If there is a specific way/he she wishes sources to be cited, then follow your instructor’s guidelines. Alexander College 07 Mar 2013 Lindsey bat Joseph