GIS Benthic Terrain Workshop Dawn Wright and Emily
GIS Benthic Terrain Workshop Dawn Wright and Emily Larkin Davey Jones Locker Lab Department of Geosciences Oregon State University, USA
Schedule - Day 1, Mon • 8: 30 -9: 30 - Dawn - Intro • 9: 30 -10: 00 – Break - Technical Setup • 10: 00 -12: 00 – Emily/Dawn - Module 1: Exploring the Reefs – all modules include intro lecture, then hands-on work • 12: 00 -1: 00 – Lunch • 1: 30 -2: 30 – Dawn – Seafloor mapping techniques and GIS analysis • 2: 30 -4: 30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 2: Benthic Classifications
Schedule - Day 2, Tues • 8: 30 -10: 30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 3: Spatial and 3 D Analyst w/Bathymetry Data (including hypothetical MPA) • 10: 30 -11: 00 – Dawn – Benthic Terrain Modeler (BTM) tool • 11: 00 -12: 00 – Emily – American Samoa Benthic Terrain Viewer (ASBTV) and AS Bibliographic Tool • 12: 00 -1: 00 – Lunch • 1: 30 – 2: 00 – Wrapup, final question/discussion period
Tuesday, 2: 30 • American Samoa GIS User Group Meeting • DOC Conference Room, Pago
GIS: A Spatial Context Integrating Many Parts to See the Whole Shoreline Bathymetry Sediments Kelp Conservation Value Resilience? Fisheries Non-consumptive Recreational Activities Options/Decisions Graphics courtesy of Joe Breman, ESRI and NOAA Biogeography Program
Spatial Reasoning Deciding Measuring Planning Thinking Analyzing Graphics courtesy of ESRI Science
From Spatial Reasoning to Policy & Management Halpin, AAAS, 2004 From Wright and Halpin, in press, 2004, Spatial reasoning for terra incognita: Grand challenges and progress of marine GIS, in Wright, D. J. and Scholz, D. J. (eds. ), Place Matters: Geospatial Tools for Marine Science, Conservation, and Management in the Pacific Northwest, Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.
GIS: A Spatial Context Seeing the Whole to Manage Places Seeing the Whole • • • Graphics courtesy of ESRI Patterns Linkages Trends Managing Places • • Estuaries Fisheries Marine Protected Areas Coastal Communities
Point Conception Oregonian Bioregion Santa Barbara From Airame, S. , in press, 2004, Channel Islands Marine Sanctuary: Advancing the science and policy of marine protected areas, in Wright, D. J. and Scholz, D. J. (eds. ), Place Matters: Geospatial Tools for Marine Science, Conservation, and Management in the Pacific Northwest, Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press. Area of Detail Sanctuary Boundary State Boundary Santa Cruz Island San Miguel I. Santa Rosa Island Californian Bioregion Anacapa I. Santa Barbara Island Transition Zone Effective April 9, 2003
Flowchart of Parameters in Potential MPA GIS Survey Station Database Survey Catch Database Station data Oceanographic Remote Sensing Database Data Catch data One to Many Table Join Juvenile Length Analysis Catch & Station Data Biodiversity Analysis Stations with Fish Biodiversity Index (Shannon-Weaver) Spatial Analyst (Kriging) Biodiversity Raster Sea. Wi. FS Satellite Imagery of Chlorophyll Drift Buoy Analysis 1°Production Raster Calculator Analysis Maturity Analysis Spawning Aggregation Spatial Analyst (Kriging) Spawning Raster Weighted model By Or. St grad student Chad Keith Ocean Current data Source & Sink Areas Nursery Areas Spatial Analyst (Kriging) Source/Sink Raster Nursery Raster Important Biological Areas Raster High 1° Production Raster Continued
Flowchart of Parameters in Potential MPA GIS Commercial Database Important Biological Areas Raster Commercial Catch data Commercial Effort & Revenue Analysis Important Commercial Fishing Areas (no MPA’s) Commercial Port & Fleet Capacity Analysis Raster Calculator Analysis Fleet Capacity Areas (no MPA’s) Spatial Overlay (Union) Economic Layer By Or. St grad student Chad Keith Biological Layer Raster Calculator Analysis No MPA Raster Potential MPA’s
75 km 50 km By Or. St grad student Chad Keith Gulf of Maine Georges Bank Example of MPA Exclusion Areas
Fishing Patterns 1998 -’ 99 Pre-Footrope Regulation Tows 1998 -1999 Reference Site 2 Trawl Patterns – Rocky Habitat By Or. St grad student Marlene Bellman
Fishing Patterns, 2000 -’ 01 Post-Footrope Regulation Trawl Patterns – Rocky Habitat Where is Habitat Recovery Most Likely? Map Prediction of Resilience/Robustness? ? By Or. St grad student Marlene Bellman
Prototype Mixed Layer Depth Calculation in Arc. GIS - Bering Sea Vance et al. , NOAA AFSC, 2004
Map courtesy of the National Park of American Samoa Artwork by Jayne Doucette, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Or. St and USF Bathy Surveys, 2001 to present
Bottom Coverage & Data Density by Survey Method Leadline 1 -2 K soundings per survey Single Beam 500 - 750 K soundings per survey Multibeam 400, 000 – 1, 000 K soundings per survey Image courtesy of NOAA & UNH
Active Remote Sensing Acoustic! • multiple, focused, high-frequency, short wavelength sound beams • “narrow-beam” or “multibeam” bathymetry – sound beam stays narrow and focused all the way to the bottom – depths much more precise – e. g. , Sea Beam has 16 beams, Sea Beam 2000 has 121, EM 3000 has 127, EM 120 has 191
Mapping the Ocean Floor • Only 5% of global ocean floor charted in high rez with ships - we need 125 more years! Image courtesy of NOAA
Ocean Thematic Layers Graphic courtesy of Christina Massel, Steve Miller, Scripps
Multibeam Bathymetry A Gigabyte of data a day A Gigabyte of data an hour
The World Ocean Floor
Fine-Scale Mapping • on the order of tens of meters to meters • features the size of a beer can!
National Marine Sanctuaries Map courtesy of NOAA National Marine Sanctuary System
U. S. Coral Reef Task Force Seeks to characterize priority reef systems deeper than 30 m in the U. S. and Trust Territories by 2009. Surveys contribute to management of marine protected areas and the possible designation of more protected areas. Evans et al. 2002; http: //www. nodc. noaa. gov/col/projects/coral/Coralhome. html
Or. St & USF Multibeam Surveys to date By Or. St grad student Emily Lundblad
Shallow Multibeam (May 2001, November 2002) • • Kongsberg-Simrad EM-3000 Fans out 121 beams at 130 deg. Swaths 3 -4 times water depth Depths in 3 -150 m range at survey speeds of 3 -12 knots • cm-resolution w/ d. GPS
Preparations
Shallow Water Multibeam
Shallow Water Multibeam (cont. )
Measured offsets required for accurate pitch, roll, yaw
"curling up" of outermost beams "loss of bottom" on very steep slopes sudden heading changes
By Or. St grad student Emily Larkin
Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary, 2001 bathy
SCUBA / Rebreather Technology Images courtesy of Kip Evans, Nat. Geographic and Rich Pyle, Bishop Museum
Rebreather Dive Mission, FBNMS, 2001
Schedule - Day 1 • 8: 30 -9: 30 - Dawn - intro lecture • 9: 30 -10: 00 – Break • 10: 00 -12: 00 – Emily/Dawn - Module 1: Exploring the Reefs – all modules include intro lecture, then hands-on work • 12: 00 -1: 00 – Lunch • 1: 30 -2: 30 – Dawn – seafloor mapping techniques and GIS analysis • 2: 30 -4: 30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 2: Benthic Classifications
Fa’afetai! Image courtesy of FBNMS
Schedule - Day 2, Tues • 8: 30 -10: 30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 3: Spatial and 3 D Analyst w/Bathymetry Data (including hypothetical MPA) • 10: 30 -11: 00 – Dawn & Josh – Benthic Terrain Modeler (BTM) tool • 11: 00 -12: 00 – Emily – American Samoa Benthic Terrain Viewer (ASBTV) and AS Bibliographic Tool • 12: 00 -1: 00 – Lunch and/or Wrapup • 1: 30 – 2: 00 – Wrapup, final question/discussion period
- Slides: 51