GILDED AGE LABOR AP US History Labor Problems

GILDED AGE LABOR AP US History

Labor Problems Low Wages Unequal Pay Long Hours Mechanization Unhealthy Conditions No Worker’s Comp. Frequent Injuries/ Death (3) Child Labor (2)

labor

skilled worker

unskilled worker

union

management

collective bargaining

strike

lockout

boycott

blacklist

yellow dog contract

scab

strikebreakers (Pinkertons)

injunction

company town (Pullman)

Gilded Age Labor Groups GROUP DATE KNIGHTS OF 1869 -1886 LABOR (SK/UNSK) AMERICAN 1886 FEDERATIO PRESENT N OF LABOR (SK ONLY) GOALS LEADERSH RESULTS IP -WIDESPREAD SOCIAL/POLITIC AL CHANGES -ARBITRATION -USE BOYCOTTS - TERENCE V. POWDERL Y -HIGH MEMBERSHIP -SOME 8 HOUR DAYS -BLAMED FOR HAYMARKET RIOT -BREAD & BUTTER (WAGES & HOURS) -STRIKES -COLLECTIVE BARGAINING -SAMUEL GOMPERS -LIMITED GAINS IN GILDED AGE -SURVIVED TO FIGHT IN FUTURE

Labor Strikes

Gilded Age Strikes STRIKE DATE HAYMARKE T SQUARE RIOT 1886 HOMESTEA D STRIKE 1892 PULLMAN STRIKE 1894 CAUSES EVENTS OUTCOME

Gilded Age Strikes STRIKE DATE CAUSES EVENTS OUTCOME HAYMARKE T SQUARE RIOT 1886 -general strike at Mc. Cormick factory in Chicago -bomb thrown into the crowd kills police officers -Knights are blamed for deaths/end K of L HOMESTEA D STRIKE 1892 PULLMAN STRIKE 1894

Gilded Age Strikes STRIKE DATE CAUSES EVENTS OUTCOME HAYMARKE T SQUARE RIOT 1886 -general strike at Mc. Cormick factory in Chicago -bomb thrown into the crowd kills police officers -Knights are blamed for deaths/end K of L HOMESTEA D STRIKE 1892 -workers were locked out of Carnegie factory -union tries to stop scabs and fights off Pinkerton guards -PA militia comes in to crush workers/union PULLMAN STRIKE 1894

Gilded Age Strikes STRIKE DATE CAUSES EVENTS OUTCOME HAYMARKE T SQUARE RIOT 1886 -general strike at Mc. Cormick factory in Chicago -bomb thrown into the crowd kills police officers -Knights are blamed for deaths/end K of L HOMESTEA D STRIKE 1892 -workers were locked out of Carnegie factory -union tries to stop scabs and fights off Pinkerton guards -PA militia comes in to crush workers/union PULLMAN STRIKE 1894 -wage cuts led to national RR strike/refusal to handle Pullman cars -spreads and slows national RR traffic -violence -govt. injunction -President Cleveland sends in army to force workers back to work

In Re Debs (1895) Background: �A federal injunction had been issued ordering American Railway Union back to work during the Pullman Strike in 1894. Debs appealed the injunction and refused to go back to work. Legal Question(s): � Does the federal government have the power to force striking workers back to work? Legal Decision: � Yes Impact: � The government favored big business over unions in labor disputes throughout the late 1800 s. Radicalizes Debs.

Practice Writing DBQ Practice: Evaluate the factors that contributed to the limited success of the labor movement in the Gilded Age 1865 -1900. Modified-DBQ Requirements: • Full thesis (A+1) • One body paragraph using 2 docs (C+1), 2 HAPP (D+1) and one piece of OI (C+1) • PLEASE MAKE SURE TO INCLUDE ANALYSIS

Labor Conflict in the late 1800 s 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Give a specific detail for each action: Business leaders establish powerful corporations Gap between rich and poor grows larger Tensions increase as workers face difficult conditions Workers organize into unions Business leaders oppose unions Era of large violent strikes

American Living Standards 18901910 Source: A People and A Nation; Norton, et. al (2005) Inflation Calculator: http: //www. westegg. com/inflation/ Income and Earnings (Annual Income) 1890 (2017 $) 1910 (2017 $) Clerical worker $848 ($23, 480) $1, 156 ($30, 874) Teacher $256 ($7, 088) $492 ($13, 140) Industrial worker $486 ($13, 456) $630 ($16. 825) Farm laborer $233 ($6, 451) $336 ($8, 973) -coal miner . 18 ($4. 98) . 21 ($5. 61) -iron worker . 17 ($4. 71) . 23 ($6. 14) -paper worker . 12 ($3. 32) . 17 ($4. 54) Inflation (47% from 1889 -1913) 1889 1913 -cost of food and other goods (week) $6. 78 (352. 56 yr) $10. 00 (520. 00 yr) -in 2017 dollars $187. 73 ($9, 761 yr) $267 (13, 884 yr) Hourly Wage

Estimated Weekly Hours in Manufacturing 18301890 Sources: U. S. Department of Interior (1883), U. S. Senate (1893) Estimated Work Hours Weeks Report 1830 69. 1 1840 67. 1 68. 4 1850 65. 5 69. 0 1860 62. 0 66. 0 1870 61. 1 63. 0 1880 60. 7 61. 8 1890 Aldrich Report 60. 0

coal mining

Breaker Boys

Terence Powderly Gompers Samuel

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Haymarket Square Riot (1886)

Homestead Strike (1892)

Pullman Strike (1894)