Ghadeer Khum in Focus It is a presentation

Ghadeer Khum in Focus It is a presentation of Islamic Occasions http: //www. ezsoftech. com/islamic/

The Prophet about his family Ahlul Bayt Ayah Tat’heer Mubaahala Al-Ghadeer Salvation Ali Fatima Al-Hasan, Al-Husain

Major events on behalf of Ahlul Bayt n Ahlul Kisaa and Ayah of Tat’heer ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻬﻴﺮ آﻴﺔ n Hadith of Al-Thaqalain ﺍﻟﺜـﻘﻠﻴـﻦ (ﺣـﺪﻳـﺚ to hold to Al-Quran and Ahlul Bayt) n Hadith of the Means of Salvation ﺍﻟـﻨـﺠﺎﻩ ﺳﻔـﻴـﻨــﻪ (Safinatul Najaat, Vessel of Salvation) n Hadith of Ghadeer Khum ﺧــﻢ ﻏـﺪﻳـﺮ ﺣـﺪﻳـﺚ (Specification of Wilaayah, meaning leadership)

The Means to Salvation: ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﻩ ﺳﻔﻴﻨﻪ ، ﻧﻮﺡ ﺳﻔﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﺃﻬﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻦ ﺃﻻ ﻏـﺮﻕ ﻋـﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺨﻠﻒ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺠﺎ ﺭﻛﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ Behold! The similitude of my family, Ahlul Bayt, is like that of the Ark of Noah: The one who embarks it, will have saved himself, and the one who turns away from it, is doomed.

Scope ® Background of Ghadeer Khum – The urgent revelation – Location of Ghadeer Khum – Hayya Ala Khair-il-Amal – When & in front of how many Muslims? – What happened at Ghadeer Khum q Homage to Ali – Contexts – Quranic Exegesis (Tafseer): – Prophetic Traditions (Hadith): – Historical Reports (Tarikh): – Narrators – Further studies / References

Briefly Said #1

Haj of Wadaa: Farewell Pilgrimage

Briefly Said #1 q Ghadeer Khum is an event that took place in March 632. q Ali was in Yemen, preaching Islam, q when he was informed about Muhammad's Haj, Ø Ali moved towards Mecca together with some people and Ø joined Muhammad before the rituals began.

Briefly Said #2 q When the rituals of Haj were finished, Muhammad left Mecca for Medina together with other Muslims q On Thursday the 18 th of Dhul Hijjah in the year 10 A. H. (March 632), after the Muslims arrived at Ghadeer Khum; Ø the following verse of the Quran was revealed to Muhammad (pbuh): ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﺍ ﺍ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﺍ Ø O Messenger! proclaim the message which had been sent to thee from thy Lord. If you do not, you would not have fulfilled Allah’s message. And We will defend you from men of mischief. (5: 67)

Briefly Said #3 q Both Shi’a and Sunni sources state that this verse relates to the event of Ghadeer Khum. q According to Sunni traditional narratives, this verse was revealed during the event, [ q Over 360 Sunnis traditional scholars have mentioned al-Ghadeer and its connection with the mentioned verse.

Occasion of Ghadeer Khum: ﺍﻟﻐﺪﻳﺮ n. Juh'fa was a convergence place for several highways leading north, south, east, and west. n. At noontime the Prophet (pbuh) received a revelation by way of Gabriel, and it was such that he asked to stop. n. They even called back those who had already left for home. The revelation (called Ayah of Tableegh ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ )آﻴﻪ commanded:

Ghadeer Khum half way between Mecca and Medina

The urgent revelation q On the return journey to Medina, the caravan passed Ghadeer Khum near Al-Johfa. q The Prophet (pbuh) ordered to encamp here after he received the following divine revelation: ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﺍ ﺍ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﺍ O Messenger! deliver what bas been revealed to you from your Lord; and if you do it not, then you have not delivered His message, and Allah will protect you from the people; Ayah 5: 67.

What is Ghadeer Khum? q Ghadeer means a pond in Arabic, named as Khum. So this place is known as Ghadeer Khum. q Ghadeer Khum is halfway between Mecca and Medina. q The Prophet (pbuh) broke the journey at this pond, which is located 3 miles away from Al-Johfa. q He (pbuh) halted at Ghadeer Khum in midday.

Ghadeer Khum q Ghadeer Khum is a wayside tract of barren land with no shade other than that provided by a few acacia trees. q Ghadeer Khum was a major intersection of roads, where different caravans passed through q In the course of time, this pond dried up. All traces of water and vegetation vanished. So the name Ghadeer is no longer in use.

Location of Ghadeer Khum

Hayya Ala Khair-il-Amal

Hayya Ala Khair-il-Amal q. On hearing this urgent command, the Prophet (pbuh) ordered the place to be swept. q. He also ordered Bilal (the Mu’athin) to recite the ‘Athan’ –with the words: q“Hayya Ala Khair-il-Amal” meaning O people! Hasten towards the best of deeds.

When & in front of how many Muslims? q It was the 18 th day of Dhul Haja – the 10 th year after Hijrah. q The estimate was between 90, 000 to 120, 000 Muslims q some say 18, 000 -70, 000. q All were recalled to assemble in order to hear an important message. q It was midday and it was very hot.

What happened at the Ghadeer? q A shade was arranged for the Holy Prophet (pbuh). q The Prophet offered the noon prayers in congregation. q Thereafter, He (pbuh) delivered the sermon. q Tabarani and others have recorded the following tradition as related by Zayd ibn Arqam: Ø Zayd says that the Messenger of Allah, delivered a sermon at Ghadeer Khum under a cloth spread as a canopy on two large trees. He said:

® ® ® "O people! I am soon to be recalled (by God) and I must comply. I shall be interrogated and you also shall be interrogated. What will you say then? “ The entire audience answered: "We shall bear witness that you did convey to us the message of Allah, and did your best to guide us on the right path and always gave us good console. May Allah bless you with a good reward. " The Holy Prophet proceeded: "Will you bear witness that there is no deity but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, and that Paradise is true, Hellfire is true, Death is true, Resurrection after death is true, that the Day of Judgment will doubtlessly come and that Allah will raise to life the dead from their graves? ”

They answered: "O Yes! We bear witness to all this. " ® Then Holy Prophet said: “O Allah! You are also may witness. “ ‘O my people! Allah is my Mowla and I am Mowla of the faithful and I have higher rights on and control over their lives. And this Ali is the Mowla of all those of whom I am his Mowla. O Allah! Love the person who loves him (Ali) and antagonize him who antagonizes him (Ali). " ®

“O my Lord, support him who supports Ali, and antagonize him who antagonizes Ali, and help him who assists Ali and forsake him who will forsake Ali. ”

The Two Precious Matters ® The Prophet further said: "O my people! I will precede you and you also shall arrive at the pool of Kawthar. When you shall reach me I shall interrogate you about your behavior towards the two precious matters (thaqalayn) after my death: ® One precious matter is the Book of Allah, the Mighty and Glorious, one end of which is with Allah, the Exalted, and the other end is in your hands. Grasp it tightly and do not go astray and do not change or amend it.

The Two Precious Matters The Prophet Continued: ® The other precious matter is my Progeny, who are my Ahlul Bayt. Allah the Gracious and Omniscient has informed me that these two will never part from each other till they reach me at the pool (of blessings in Heaven). ® When the ceremony was over, the Archangel Gabriel delivered Ayah 5: 3 to the Prophet as follow: ®

“…Today have I perfected upon your religion and completed upon you My blessings and approved for you Islam as your religion. . . ” (Al-Ma’ida/5: 3)

The COMPLETION OF RELIGION? n It was right at the event, after the Prophet’s sermon, that this final verse of the Quran was revealed "Today I have perfected your religion and completed my favor upon you, and I was satisfied that Islam be your religion. " (Qur'an 5: 3) n Many companions of the Prophet Muhammad (s) are on record confirming that this was revealed at Ghadeer Khum. The narrations are many and recorded in multiple Sunni books of Quranic commentary, Hadith and history.

Homage to Ali q At this moment the Prophet (pbuh) said loudly Allaahu Akbar, then he added: ® ® ® “I thank Allah for having perfected His religion and for having completed His favor and for having been pleased with the leadership and succession of Ali after me. ” Then he (pbuh) stepped down from the platform and said to Ali: “Sit in a tent to let the distinguished men of Islam swear oath of allegiance to you and congratulate you”.

“Congratulations, O son of Abu Talib, You have become my Mowla and the Mowla of every believer, men or women. ” These are the words of Omar Ibn Al-Khattab

Al-Ghadeer spring that might be the historic spring cited in history books in the context of the Farewell Pilgrimage

Al-Ghadeer mountain where waters run and valleys form in seasons of rain

Ghadeer Khum Today (in Juh’fah)

Historical reports (Tarikh):

Story of Al-Fihri ﺍﻟـﻔـــــﻬــﺮﻱ n After Ghadeer Khum the Prophet (pbuh) arrived at Medina, n an Arab (Al-Fihri), asked the Prophet in a quarrelsome way if Ali's appointment was a command by Allah or a saying of Muhammad himself. q. The Prophet (pbuh) answered, “This was a command by Allah, Most High. ” q. Al-Fihri retorted, “Wasn't it enough that you asked us to declare the Shahaada and we did, then you asked for Prayers and we did, then for Saum and we complied, and then for Zakat and we complied.

Al-Fihri Continued ﺍﻟـﻔـــــﻬــﺮﻱ q. Now you ask us to accept your cousin to take your place. ” He left in a huff saying, q“O' Lord, if Muhammad was saying the truth, let the sky rain stones over us. ” q. Soon after a stone came hurling from high above, dashing powerfully, hitting Al-Fihri on the head. q. Once so hit, Al-Fihri collapsed, falling to the ground with a thud, dead.

Narrators of Ghadeer Khum: q 110 companions of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) q 84 Successors (Tabi’een) q Over 360 scholars to the present day

Further studies/references:

Further studies/references: q Al-Ghadeer fi al-kitab wa al-sunnah wa al-adab Ø A book written in Arabic by al-'Amini al-Najafi (d. 1390 AH). Where he gives with full references the names of 110 Sahaaba of the Prophet and also 84 Tabi‘een (disciples of the Sahaaba). Ø He has also chronologically given the names of the historians, traditionists, exegetists and poets who have mentioned the Hadith of Ghadeer from the first until the fourteenth Islamic century in 11 volumes. q Abaqat al-Anwar Ø A book written in Persian by Husayn Musawi Lakhnawi (d. 1306 AH) of India. He devoted two bulky volumes (1, 080 pages) on the isnad, tawatur and meaning of the Hadith of Ghadeer.

Hassan b. Thabit the Poet q Hassan b. Thabit's poetry Immediately after the Prophet's speech, Hassan b. Thabit, the Companion and poet of the Messenger of Allah, asked for his permission to compose some poetry about Imam 'Ali [a] for the audience. q The Prophet said: "Say with the blessings of Allah". q Hassan stood up and said: q "O' people of Quraish. I follow with my words what preceded and witnessed by the Messenger of Allah [s]. He then composed the following verses at the scene:

Translation: Hassan b. Thabit's Poem Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø He calls them, on the day of Ghadeer, their Prophet In Khum so heed the Messenger's call, He said: "Who is your guide and leader? “ They said: "Your God, our guide, and you are our leader And you won't find from among us, in this, any disobedient, “ He said to him: "Stand up O' Ali, for I am pleased to announce you the Imam and guide after me, So whomever I was his leader (mawla), then this is his leader (mawla) So be it to him supporters in truth and followers, There he prayed: “O Allah! Be a friend and guide to his follower And be, to the one who is Ali's enemy, an enemy"

Nowadays q Shi’a celebrate the occasion of Muhammad declaring Ali as a Mowla on the 18 th of Dhul Hijjah. Ø They do Ghusl (ritual bath), Ø recite Du’aa Nudba, and Ø give food to believers as a recommended practice on this occasion. Ø It is a public holiday in places such as Iran and Telangana in India.

Celebrating Eid Al-Ghadeer Eid al-Ghadeer in the Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (a) in Najaf, Iraq.

Finally, Let us Read Al-Asr Together

Be in Allah’s Care Thank you and May God Bless you. Dr. A. S. Hashim