Getting Your Global Bearings Navigating the World Chapter

After studying this chapter, you will be able to… • • • Define the field of international studies. Describe the kinds of borders. Understand the stages of globalization. Explain the pros and cons of globalization. Explain the concept of citizenship. © 2016 SAGE Publications

What is international studies? © 2016 SAGE Publications

International studies is… • A field of inquiry that examines human relationships that involve cross-border interactions • A growing field of study • Multidisciplinary – What fields of inquiry does international studies draw upon? © 2016 SAGE Publications

What are the borders that shape our understanding of the world? © 2016 SAGE

Five Types of Borders TYPE OF BORDER MAIN UNIT OF ANALYSIS PRIMARY ACADEMIC FIELD OF STUDY Geographic Physical earth Geography Political States Political science Economic Markets Economics Social Class Sociology Cultural Nations Anthropology © 2016 SAGE Publications

Geographic Borders • Physical world • How and where humans have settled and the

Political Borders • Governing entities • Distinguished on the basis of territory, population, governments,

Economic Borders • Markets that promote the exchange of goods and services • Examples?

Social Borders • Class divisions • Formed by inequality of opportunity • Examples? ©

Cultural Borders • Nations • Form identities in terms of language, religion, ethnicity, or

What is globalization? © 2016 SAGE Publications

Globalization • Political, economic, social, and cultural flows across the international system • Includes

Globalization • Other perspectives: Hyperglobalization… – Progressive erosion of the borders • Are we

Globalization • Other perspectives: Third wave of globalization (transformationalist)… – First wave: Silk Road, third century BCE – Second wave: 1500 s – Third wave: Current; major advances in technology • Why do you think some scholars characterize globalization as occurring in waves? © 2016 SAGE Publications

Globalization: Is it a good thing or a bad thing? © 2016 SAGE Publications

Globalization: Pros and Cons • What is good about globalization? – Overall standards of living can be improved – Diversification of manufacturing creates jobs – Empowers people © 2016 SAGE Publications

Globalization: Pros and Cons • What is bad about globalization? – People feel unable to control their lives – Increased urbanization and poor living standards – Further divides rich and poor – Cultural homogenization – No focus on the human condition © 2016 SAGE Publications

Globalization: Pros and Cons • The golden straitjacket – Friedman, The Lexus and the

Globalization: Pros and Cons • The Battle of Seattle – First major large-scale protest

Globalization: Pros and Cons • Alternatives: Isolationism – Minimize contact with the outside world – Precluded by technological innovation, integration of markets, and overlapping financial networks © 2016 SAGE Publications

Globalization: Pros and Cons • Globalization gives rise to global issues – Challenges that require a collective response – No single entity possess the ability to solve these issues by itself • What are some examples of global issues? © 2016 SAGE Publications

What does it mean to be a citizen in a global era? © 2016

Global Innovators • Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation – International development – Global health

Citizenship • How do we define citizenship? – Duties, rights, privileges, and responsibilities – The state has been the unit of citizenship since the mid-1600 s – Nature of citizenship changing as people rethink individual and collective identity © 2016 SAGE Publications

Citizenship • What is a global citizen? – An individual who perceives themselves as

Citizenship • Oxfam’s definition: – Is aware of the wider world – Respects and values diversity – Has an understanding of how the world works – Is outraged by social injustice – Participates in the community – Is willing to act to make the world a better place – Takes responsibility for their actions © 2016 SAGE Publications

Citizenship • Does global citizenship pose a threat to national interests and potentially undermine the foundation of our current international order? • What does being a global citizen mean to you? © 2016 SAGE Publications

Where do we go from here? © 2016 SAGE Publications

Objectives • To understand the interdependent nature of the contemporary world • To understand how people understand explain the world • To consider and evaluate alternative explanations • To sharpen critical thinking, analytical abilities, and effective communication skills © 2016 SAGE Publications