Getting started with Sanskrit grammar Inflectional form Root

Getting started with Sanskrit grammar

Inflectional form: Root + Affix = Stem + Inflectional ending = Word

Categories of verb inflection: Voice: Active, Middle, Passive

Categories of verb inflection: Person: 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd

Categories of verb inflection: Number: Singular, Dual, Plural

Categories of verb inflection: Mood: Indicative, Potential, Imperative, Injunctive

Categories of verb inflection: Tense: Present, Imperfect (Present system) Future, Conditional (Future system) Aorist (Aorist system) Perfect (Perfect system)

First conjugation active verbs in the present tense

Agreement suffixes for the present tense (active voice):

Active present-tense forms of bhç- `carry’ (present-tense stem bhara-):

The Sanskrit cases: Nominative Vocative Accusative Instrumental Dative Ablative Genitive Locative

Nominative forms of the personal pronouns:

Uses of the nominative and accusative cases:

Adpositions governing the accusative:

Accusative forms of the personal pronouns:

Gender: Usually, males are denoted by masculine nouns (e. g. nara- `man', masc. ) and females by feminine nouns (e. g. strã- `woman', fem. ); the gender assigned to nouns denoting sexless things has no clear semantic basis. There are, however, some fairly reliable correlations between a noun's gender and the form of its stem. e. g. stems in a are generally masculine and neuter, while stems in long vowels are mostly feminine.

Short-a stem declension: aśva- `horse' (masc. )

Short-a stem declension: dàna- `gift' (neut. )