Getting in the mood El subjuntivo EL SUBJUNTIVO
Getting in the mood… El subjuntivo EL SUBJUNTIVO
You want him to give you the keys. Quieres que él te dé las llaves.
I recommend that you eat the carrot. Te recomiendo que comas la zanahoria.
I’m happy that it is sunny. Estoy feliz que haga sol.
She’s sad that her cat is in the tree. Ella está triste que su gato esté en un árbol.
I doubt that you love me… Dudo que me quieras…
I hope that you get an A on the test. Espero que saques una A en el examen.
I want a girlfriend that would respect me. Quiero una novia que me respete.
I don’t think that Darth Vader is his father… No creo que Darth Vader sea su padre.
It’s important that she lifts weights. Es importante que ella levante pesa
I’m sad that you guys are breaking up. Estoy triste que ustedes se rompen.
I doubt that pigs can fly. Dudo que los puercos puedan volar.
Using the Spanish Subjunctive
In order to know when to use the Subjunctive in Spanish, we can remember the word WEIRDO.
First, you should understand that the subjunctive ordinarily does not occur by itself. The subjunctive occurs after certain other verbs, called WEIRDO verbs.
Here Is How It Works Queremos que ustedes vengan a la fiesta. Ella espera que todos saquen buenas notas. Insisto en que me escuches. The first verb (in pink) Forces the second The verb (in blue) into two re are ver the subjunctive in e bs sen ach ten ce
Here Is How It Works Queremos que ustedes vengan a la fiesta. Ella espera que todos saquen buenas notas. Insisto en que me escuches. The first verb (in pink) PRForces O TIP the second The Suverb bjuncti(in ve blue) into comes after the subjunctive wordthe QUE
Here Is How It Works Queremos que ustedes vengan a la fiesta. Ella espera que todos saquen buenas notas. Insisto en que me escuches. PRO TIP The Subjunctive comes after the word QUE
La “Puerta” al Subjuntivo: Para entrar en la “puerta, ” se necesitan unas llaves” importantes: ”WEIRDO” verb 2 different subjects The word “que” 19
Here are the WEIRDO Verbs:
W is for Wishes & Wants Wishes and Wants are expressed by a number of verbs in Spanish, but here are some of the most common: Querer Esperar Desear Exigir Insistir to want to wait to desire to demand to insist Necesitar Pedir Preferir Mandar to need to ask for to prefer to order
W is for Wishes & Wants • Ana espera que su novio la invite a cenar. • Yo prefiero que llames después de las nueve. • Nadie quiere que los pobres sufran.
W is for Wishes & Wants • Ana espera que su novio la invite a cenar. • Yo prefiero que llames después de las nueve. • Nadie quiere que los pobres sufran.
E is for Emotions Here are some emotion verbs in Spanish: Alegrarse to be happy Encantar to be delighted Enojarse to be angry Sorprender to surprise Tener miedo to be afraid Sentir to feel Temer to fear Gustar to like Lamentar to regret You can also use Estar + emotion adjectives Estar contento, alegre, triste, desilusionado, etc.
E is for Emotions • Yo esoty alegre que Laura no tenga problemas. • ¿Te gusta que ellos traigan la música? • La Sra. Gallejo siente que todos no participen.
I is for Impersonal Expressions Es + adjective phrases are known as impersonal expressions. There are hundreds of them, but here a few common ones: Es bueno Es malo Es curioso Es necesario Es triste Es importante it is necessary it is sad it is important it is good it is bad it is curious
I is for Impersonal Expressions • Es importante que prestes atención. • Es necesario que se porten bien en la escuela. • Es raro que Elena no quiera explicar.
R is for Recommendations R is for recommendations, requirements, and requests. Here are some of these verbs: Decir to tell Prohibir Rogar to beg Exigir Desear to desire Suplicar Sugerir to suggest Hacer Recomendar to recommend to prohibit to demand to plead to make / force
R is for Recommendations • ¿Recomiendas que yo compre la bicicleta? • Yo sugiero que ustedes miren esa película. • La profesora dice que hagamos un proyecto.
D is for Doubt & Denial D is for Doubt and Denial. Here are some of these verbs: Dudar to doubt Negar to deny No creer to not believe No pensar to not think No estar seguro to not be sure No suponer to suppose not
D is for Doubt & Denial • Yo dudo que Marcos venga a tiempo. • Amanda niega que salga con Mario. • Nosotros no pensamos que ellos hagan las paces.
O is for Ojalá is a Spanish expression which means I wish, I hope, or It would be nice. It comes from Arabic originally where it meant “May God grant. ” Others – As you continue your study of Spanish, you will learn more ways that the subjunctive can be used.
O is for Ojalá • Ojalá que haga sol. • Ojalá que tengamos suficiente tiempo. • Ojalá que haya sillas.
REVIEW WEIRDO
REVIEW W Wishes and Wants
E Emotions
I Impersonal Expressions
R Recommendations Requests Requirements
D Doubts and Denials
O Ojalá
IMPORTANTE The word que holds everything together. Necesito que tú escuches bien. The first verb (in pink) is the WEIRDO verb. The second verb (in blue) is in the subjunctive
The forms of the subjunctive Step 1: Start with the yo form of the verb in the present tense (this applies to all three conjugations): hablo como vivo If we are careful to begin with this step, verbs with irregular stems and yo forms will be included and will not be considered irregular in the subjunctive: conocer → conozco oír → oigo decir → digo pedir → pido dormir → duermo perder → pierdo hacer → hago querer → quiero tener → tengo traer → traigo venir → vengo ver → veo
The forms of the subjunctive Regla dos : Take off the “o”: hablo como vivo Regla tres: Pone terminaciónes opuestos endings: For -ar verbs: Add -er verb endings. hables hablemos habléis hablen Notice that the first- and third-person singular forms are identical.
The forms of the subjunctive Step 3: Add the “opposite” endings: For -er and -ir verbs: Add -ar verb endings to both. comas comamos comáis coman viv as viv amos viv áis viv an Again, first- and third-person singular forms are identical.
The forms of the subjunctive Cambios de raíz de los verbos -ar and –er usa el mismo cambio del presente : OJO NO se cambia en nosotros y vosotros recordar (o ue) perder (e ie) recuerdes recuerde recordemos recordéis recuerden pierdas pierda perdamos perdáis pierdan Remember, however, that stem changes do not apply to nosotros and vosotros forms.
The forms of the subjunctive Cambios de raíz de los verbos –ir usa los cambios del presente en todos lugares menos nosotros y vosotros. Aquí se usa los cambios del pretérito. dormimos dormir dormí dormisteis durmió durmieron u The same changes occur in the nosotros and vosotros forms of the subjunctive. duermas duerma These changes occur only in stem-changing -ir verbs. durmamos durmáis duerman
The forms of the subjunctive You may recall the third-person singular and plural changes that occur in the preterit of stem-changing -ir verbs. mentimos mentir mentí mentisteis mintió mintieron i mienta mintamos mientas mintáis mientan
The forms of the subjunctive You may recall the third-person singular and plural changes that occur in the preterit of stem-changing -ir verbs. servir i serví servimos servisteis sirvió sirvieron sirvas sirvamos sirváis sirvan
The forms of the subjunctive The following spelling changes occur in all forms of the present subjunctive with verbs whose infinitives end in -car, -gar, and -zar. -car c qu -gar g gu buscar llegar busque llegue busques llegue busquemos lleguemos busquéis lleguéis busquen lleguen -zar z c empezar empieces empiece empecemos empecéis empiecen
The forms of the subjunctive There are only six truly irregular verbs, that is, verbs to which we cannot apply our three-step process. When listed in the following order, the initial letters of each verb form the acronym DISHES, a useful memory device. Dar dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den Ir vaya, vayas, vayamos, vayáis, vayan sea, seas, seamos, Ser seáis, sean haya, hayas, hayamos, hayáis, Haber hayan estés, esté, estemos, estéis, Estar esté, sepas, sepamos, sepáis, Saber estén sepan
Adiós
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