Get out worksheet from yesterday and Nucleotides 1

Get out worksheet from yesterday and Nucleotides 1. Combine the nucleotides of your 2. 3. choice to create one strand of DNA Then create the compliment strand of DNA Compare your strand to your neighbors strand finish the worksheet. Regents Biology

Protein Synthesis Warm Up 1. What is a code? 2. How does a code work? 3. What do you think “genetic code” means? Regents Biology

RNA vs. DNA RNA § ribose sugar § nitrogen bases u u u G, C, A, U U: A C: G § single stranded § Found inside & outside the nucleus Regents Biology DNA § deoxyribose sugar § nitrogen bases u u u G, C, A, T T: A C: G § double stranded § Only found inside the nucleus

Based on what you know about DNA and RNA, describe what you see happing to the DNA molecule in the image to the left. Regents Biology

Protein Synthesis Protein Making Regents Biology

Goal § Understand the Overall process of protein § synthesis (transcription + translation) Know the Roles DNA u m. RNA u t. RNA u Regents Biology

Organelles used in Protein Synthesis Regents Biology

Protein Synthesis § is the process (steps) of sharing the information in the genes of DNA out of the nucleus to the ribosomes to create proteins, which create your traits Regents Biology

Protein Synthesis 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Read DNA blueprint Create a (single strand) m. RNA copy Leave Nucleus Goes to Ribosome (cytoplasm) Ribosome reads RNA t. RNA brings amino acid Ribosome combines amino acids cytoplasm DNA can’t get out! build proteins m. RNA nucleus Regents Biology ribosome

Draw this in your spiral Cell Ribosome DNA m. RNA protein trait nucleus Regents Biology

Draw this in your spiral Cell Ribosome DNA m. RNA protein trait nucleus Regents Biology

Protein Synthesis Story Time It was Christmas time in the land of Celltopia. There was a princess stuck in her Nucastle because of a broken foot. She really wanted a the gift of blonde hair and green eyes, but she would never make it in time to Santa’s Ribo factory!! So she came up with the idea to write her Christmas list down and give it to her guard. The guard took off with her list on his horse to find one of Santa’s elves who worked in the ribo-facotry and he immediately began reading her list and producing her blonde hair present, and green eye present. On Christmas morning the princess woke up and opened her presents, “yay!!!!” she exclaimed, she now had blonde hair and green eyes!! Regents Biology

Correctly Match the photos from the story to your diagram. Cell Ribosome DNA m. RNA protein trait nucleus Regents Biology

From nucleus to cytoplasm transcription DNA translation m. RNA protein trait nucleus Regents Biology cytoplasm

DNA m. RNA First Step - Transcription § Transcribes DNA to § m. RNA DNA strand is the template (pattern) u match bases §U : A §G: C § m. RNA leaves nucleus into cytoplasm Regents Biology

2 nd Step – Translation m. RNA to protein § m. RNA converted to protein shapes § § § in the ribosome Ribosome read 3 nitrogen bases at a time Codon: 3 nitrogen bases creates 1 amino acid t. RNA brings the amino acid Regents Biology Rib

Protein Synthesis = Transcription + Translation https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=g. G 7 u. Csk. UOr. A Regents Biology

Get out the Diagram from Friday § In your table groups complete the transcription translation diagram Regents Biology

Check Point! Match the analogies to the appropriate biological structure. Word Bank § The Blueprint § The instructions § The reader § The transporter DNA t. RNA Ribosome DNA (blueprint) provides the information, the m. RNA (instructions) copies the message, the ribosome (reader) de codes the message, and the t. RNA (transporter) brings one amino acid to the ribosome over and over again to build a protein. Regents Biology

Answer the following questions 1. Name the two steps of protein synthesis 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. (in order). What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis? What is the role of m. RNA? What is the role of t. RNA (use the word amino acid &protein)? How is DNA transcribed? During translation, how does m. RNA produce proteins? Regents Biology

Matching bases of DNA & RNA § Double stranded DNA unzips T G G T A C A G C T A G T C A T CG T A C CG T Regents Biology

Matching bases of DNA & RNA § Match RNA bases to DNA C G § bases on one of the DNA strands U instead of T is matched to A AG A U A G G U U C A C G A U A C C RNA polymerase A U G T G G T A C A G C T A G T C A T CG T A C CG T Regents Biology U C

Matching bases of DNA & RNA § U instead of T is matched to A DNA TACGCACATTTACGCGG m. RNA AUGCGUGUAAAUGCGCC ribosome A C C A U G U C G A U C A G U A G C A U G G C A Regents Biology

cytoplasm protein nucleus ribosome A C C A U G U C G A U C A G U A G C A U G G C A Regents Biology trait

The m. RNA code § For ALL life! u strongest support for a common origin for all life § Code has duplicates u u several codons for each amino acid mutation insurance! § Start codon u u AUG methionine § Stop codons u UGA, UAG Regents Biology

How are the codons matched to amino acids? TACGCACATTTACGCGG DNA m. RNA AUGCGUGUAAAUGCGCC codon t. RNA amino acid UAC GCA CAU Met Arg anti-codon Val § Anti-codon = block of 3 t. RNA bases Regents Biology

From gene to protein aa aa transcription DNA translation aa protein m. RNA aa aa ribosome A C CA U G U C G A U C A GU A GC A U GGC A nucleus Regents Biology t. RNA cytoplasm aa trait

Regents Biology

Regents Biology

Regents Biology

Protein Synthesis Activity!! Regents Biology

From gene to protein transcription Regents Biology translation