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Question • What is the Fugitive Slave Act? • Why did the South support it? • Why did the North not support it?

Answer • It was a law that required Northern states to return escaped slaves. • The South liked it because they got their property back. • The North hated it because they were forced to enforce a Southern law instead of their own laws. They also didn’t like slavery.

Question • What is the Three-Fifths Compromise? Why is it important?

Answer • It was a compromise between the North in the South, which allowed each slave to be counted as “ 3/5 of a person” in the census. This is important because it got the South on board to sign the Constitution, it also gave the South an unfair advantage in Congress by giving them more representation than they should have had.

Question • What is Uncle Tom’s Cabin? Why is it important?

Answer • It was book written about the cruelty of slavery by a Northern author before the Civil War. It was important because lot of people in the North read it. They became convinced that this is what slavery and Southerners were like. It was a step on the road to the Civil War, because Northerners believed you couldn’t negotiate with cruel slave holders.

Question • Describe the habeas corpus crisis that Lincoln had to deal with in Maryland at beginning of the Civil War.

Answer • Habeas corpus is the right to be charged if you are arrested. Maryland was getting ready to leave the Union. Lincoln sent in troops and stopped it from happening. The Constitution says that the right of habeas corpus can be suspended when a state is rebelling. Lincoln used this to imprison people in Maryland without trial through the Civil War. He was criticized for this.

Question • What is the Battle of Ft. Wagner? Why was it important?

Answer • It was an attack on one of the forts protecting the last major Confederate port of Charleston, SC. It is important because the all black regiment, the Massachusetts 54 th lead the charge, sustaining some of the highest casualties of the war. They also went on to be one of the most decorated units of the war.

Question • What was the Battle of Vicksburg? Why was it important?

Answer • It was the siege of the last Confederate city on the Mississippi. It was a turning point in the Civil War, because after it fell, the West belonged to the Union, the Anaconda tightened, and General Grant was transferred east to fight General Lee (along with thousands of fresh troops). This tipped the scales in favor of the Union.

Question • In the Election of 1864, who ran against Lincoln? • Why did Lincoln almost lose?

Answer • Lincoln’s former head general, Mc. Clellan, ran against him, promising to end the war by sitting down to negotiate peace with the Confederacy. • Lincoln almost lost because Northerners felt that the war had been too long and bloody and were ready for it to end.

Question • What is conscription?

Answer • It is the military draft. If your name is selected from a lottery at random, you are forced to join the military.

Question • What is “loyalty rule? ” • How is it different than “majority rule? ” • How is loyalty rule connected to Lincoln?

Answer • Loyalty Rule was where only people who swore a loyalty oath to the USA were eligible to vote or hold office in conquered Southern states. • Majority rule is the way it usually works, where people are elected by a majority vote. • Loyalty rule is connected to Lincoln because he put it in place Southern states the Union conquered before he died.

Question • What was the Missouri Compromise? What was it important?

Answer • It was a compromise between the North and the South to let in Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. It is important because it kept the balance between free and slave states in Congress. After the USA ran out territory to compromise with. After that, we were on the path to war.

Question • What was Bleeding Kansas? Why was it important?

Answer • Bleeding Kansas was a mini-Civil War in the state of Kansas to decide whether or not Kansas would be a free or slave state. It was important because it was preview of what would happen in the Civil War.

Question • What was the Compromise of 1850? Why was it important?

Answer • It was the last compromise between the North and the South before the Civil War. • California came in as a free state • Western territories were allowed to decide for themselves if they were slave or free • The South got the Fugitive Slave Act

Question • What was the 13 th Amendment? Why was it important?

Answer • NO MORE SLAVERY!

Question • What was the 14 th Amendment? Why was it important?

Answer • Equal rights and equal citizenship for African Americans

Question • What was the 15 th Amendment? Why was it important?

Answer • Black men could vote

Question • What was passive resistance to slavery? What are some examples?

Answer • Resisting slavery under the table. Examples include: breaking tools, spitting in master’s food, faking sick or injury.

Question • What is active resistance to slavery? What are some examples?

Answer • Resisting slavery opening for everyone to see. Examples include: running away, killing master, suing your master in court, starting a rebellion, etc.

Question • Who was Ulysses S. Grant? Why was he important?

Answer • He was the head general in the Western battle for the Mississippi during the Civil War. He was the only general that Lincoln could find with a string of military victories. After he won the war in the west, Lincoln made him head general of the Union and moved him east to fight General Lee. Grant accepted Lee’s surrender. • He went on to become a president during Reconstruction and used federal troops to protect African American rights. His administration was really corrupt, which was one of the reasons Reconstruction failed.

Question • Who was Jefferson Davis? Why was he important?

Answer • He was the President of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War.

Question • Who was Abraham Lincoln? Why was he important?

Answer • He was the President of the United States during the Civil War. He is credited with winning the Civil War, emancipating (freeing the slaves), and making sure they received equal rights.

Question • Who was Robert E. Lee? Why was he important?

Answer • He was the leading general of the Confederacy. He had a winning record against the North for most of the Civil War until Gettysburg.

Question • What is Carpetbagger?

Answer • Northerner who came south after the Civil War to help with Reconstruction.

Question • What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

Answer • An executive order signed by Lincoln freeing all slaves in Confederate states.

Question • What is the Homestead Act?

Answer • Law passed by Congress which gave 160 free acres of farmland to anyone willing to move west and farm it for 5 years.

Question • What is the Dawes Act?

Answer • A law passed by Congress, which tried to “Americanize” Native Americans on the reservations. • Tried to teach them to farm for a living.

Question • Who were the Radical Republicans?

Answer • They were the group in Congress that took control of Reconstruction from President Johnson. • They wanted to use the power of the government to make sweeping changes in the South.

Question • What was “Black” or “Colored Rule? ”

Answer • White Southerners feared that Freedmen would vote for laws that would punish their former masters.

Question • Describe a cowboy’s actual job.

Answer • Long hours of work • Often alone • Drove Longhorn cattle up cattle trails to Cow Towns to be loaded on trains.

Question • Describe Lincoln’s view on slavery before the Civil War.

Answer • Slavery was wrong, but slaves were not equal • Pay slave owners to free slaves • Send free slaves to settle in Africa

Question • How did Lincoln’s views on slavery change during the war?

Answer • Slavery was the main purpose of the war • Slavery should be destroyed • Freedmen should be equal citizens

Question • How did the railroads make farming in the Wild West possible?

Answer • Railroads allowed farmers in the middle of the West to sell there products to the cities that needed the food. • Without a railroad to transport the farm products, there was no one to sell to except the next farmer down the road that was growing the same corn.

Question • What are some challenges faced by the USA after the Civil War?

Answer • • • Finding new leadership Racism Rebuilding Southern Cities Rebuilding Southern business Getting rid of slavery Unemployment

Question • Describe the relationship between Lincoln and his generals

Answer • Lincoln went through many commanding generals because he wanted them to attack aggressively and win the war as soon as possible. Many of his generals were either too cautious for him, or could produce the wins he wanted. He finally found a head general who could do both: General Grant.

Question • What were some challenges faced by African. Americans that enlisted in the Union army?

Answer • • Unequal pay Commanders didn’t trust them White soldiers looked down on them Confederates singled them out on the battlefield

Question • Reasons why conscription was important at the end of the Civil War?

Answer • It became important for both sides because they had lost so many people in the war. They could not fill their armies with voluntary recruits fast enough, so they were forced to draft people.

Question • Reasons why the draft was important at the end of the Civil War?

Answer • It became important for both sides because they had lost so many people in the war. They could not fill their armies with voluntary recruits fast enough, so they were forced to draft people.

Question • Name some services offered by the Freedman’s Bureau during Reconstruction

Answer Separate courts to protect Freedmen’s rights Help negotiating with former masters Help finding jobs rebuilding the South Protection from sharecropping (at least for a while) • Building churches • Building and running schools • •

Question • What were some events that contributed to the collapse of Reconstruction?

Answer • Panic of 1873: White veterans lost jobs, because Freedmen were willing to work for cheaper. • Scandals in President Grant’s administration: Grant tried to protect Freedmen’s rights as president and lost too much respect for corruption. • Compromise of 1876 (or 1877): The North made a deal with the South. Rutherford B. Hayes became president and federal troops were taken out of the South

Question • What were some methods used to stop African Americans from voting after Reconstruction collapsed?

Answer • Poll Taxes: Pay a tax before you vote. Many Freedmen couldn’t afford it. • Intimidation: Groups like the Klux Klan threated Freedmen who tried to vote on Election Day. • Literacy Tests: Pass a reading test to vote. It was illegal for slave to learn how to read, so many Freedmen couldn’t pass the test.

Question • What happened to the economies of the North and South toward the end of the Civil War?

Answer • North: Factories boomed from wartime orders from the military • South: farming and industry were destroyed by the war

Question • Describe the Union’s long-term strategy for victory in the Civil War

Answer • • • Name: Anaconda Plan Parts: 1) Capture Mississippi River 2) Capture Richmond, VA (rebel capital) 3) Blockade Southern ports