Gerunds Infinitives Unit 9 Grammar Forms Functions 3

Gerunds & Infinitives Unit 9 Grammar Forms & Functions 3

Gerunds as Subjects & Objects Click on the correct sentence. Incorrect. A. Painting This ismy an favorite incompletesubject. sentence. Correct. “Painting” is the B. Painting is my subject (gerund – verb + favorite subject. ing). Correct. Single gerund A. Scuba diving subjects take a singular takes a lot of money. verb. Incorrect. Single gerund B. Scuba diving take subjects take a singular a lot of money. verb. Correct A. He. Gerunds stopped are singular, cycling. so don’t add “-s. ” Incorrect. B. He stopped Gerunds are singular, cyclings. so don’t add “-s. ” Click to go to next slide.

Gerunds as Subjects & Objects Click on the correct sentence. Correct. Two or more A. Winning and gerunds as subjects create losing are important a plural subject and take a lessons to learn. plural verb. Incorrect. Two or more B. Winning and gerunds as subjects create losing is important a plural subject and take a lessons to learn. plural verb. Incorrect. “Are running” is A. They is running in the present progressive the park. verb (not a gerund). Correct. “Are running” is B. They are running the present progressive in the park. verb (not a gerund). Correct. Need a verb in A. Let’s go surfing. front of the gerund object. Incorrect. Need a verb in B. Let’s surfing. front of the gerund object. Click to go to next slide.

Gerunds as objects of prepositions Click on the correct sentence. Both are correct. You can A. She is interested have a gerund as the object in him. of a preposition. Both are correct. You can B. She is interested have a gerund as the object in seeing him. of a preposition. Incorrect. You can use a A. gerund I amingood at learn a prepositional phrase, languages. but not a verb (learn). Correct. You can use a B. I in am good at gerund a prepositional learning phrase, but languages. not a verb (learn). Incorrect. Present A. They looking progessive verbs (are forward to seeing us looking) require a “be” verb tomorrow. with it. Correct. The verb is simple B. They look forward present, which is fine, and to seeing us the gerund is in the tomorrow. prepositional phrase. Click to go to next slide.

Gerunds after common expressions Click on the correct sentence. Incorrect. After “can’t A. I can’t wait stand” I couldstand have put the infinitive in “toline. wait, ” but not the verb “wait. ” Correct. B. I Often can’tuse stand a gerund waiting after “can’tinstand. ” line. Correct. Need a gerund A. It’s not worth usually after the phrase “it’s worrying about it. not worth. ” Incorrect. Need a gerund B. It’s not worth usually after the phrase “it’s worry about it. not worth. ” Correct. A. Ginger Usuallyhas put a gerund difficulty after learning the phrase “have languages. difficulty. ” Incorrect. B. Ginger Usually has put a gerund difficulty after the learn phrase “have languages. difficulty. ” Click to go to next slide.

Verbs followed by infinitives Click on the correct sentence. Correct. Need an infinitive A. We agreed to look (to look) after the verb, not after their kids. a verb (look). Incorrect. Need an infinitive B. We agreed look (to look) after the verb, not after their kids. a verb (look). C. Incorrect. Both are Try correct. again. Incorrect. “Everybody” A. Everybody want“To to takes a singular verb. succeed” succeed. is the infinitive after the verb. Correct. “Everybody” takes B. a. Everybody singular verb. wants “To succeed” to succeed. is the infinitive after the verb. C. Incorrect. Both are Try correct. again. Correct. Sometimes can A. have They askedafter herthe to an object verb and stay. before the infinitive “to stay. ” Incorrect. Sometimes can B. They asked have an object afterher the verb and stay. before the infinitive “to stay. ” C. Incorrect. Both are Try correct. again. Click to go to next slide.

Verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives Click on the correct sentence. Both are correct. Can use a A. gerund It started to snow. or infinitive after some verbs. Both are correct. Can use a B. gerund It started snowing. or infinitive after some verbs. C. Correct. Both See are other correct. answers. A. The class stopped Correct. Remember that an talking when the infinitive is “to” + base verb. teacher entered. B. Incorrect. The class Remember stopped that an to infinitive talkingiswhen “to” + base the teacher verb. enter. C. Incorrect. Both are Try correct. again. Incorrect. Can use the A. infinitive I remembered go “to go” or the gerund to the “going, ” post but office. not the verb “go. ” Correct. Can use the B. infinitive I remembered to “to go” or the go gerund to the “going, ” post butoffice. not the verb “go. ” C. Incorrect. Both are Try correct. again. Click to go to next slide.

Infinitives after Certain Adjectives, Nouns, & Indefinite Pronouns Adjective Infinitive He was pleased to see me. We were disappointed to hear the news. **Infinitives can come after some adjectives. Usually the adjective describes a feeling or attitude. Noun/Indefinite Pronoun Infinitive Do you have anything to read? I have some letters to write. **Infinitives can come after nouns or indefinite pronouns like “everybody” or “anything. ” **Infinitives after a noun often mean an obligation or necessity. **Use “for” + noun/indefinite pronoun to show who the infinitive refers to.

Infinitives after Certain Adjectives, Nouns, & Indefinite Pronouns Click on the correct sentence. Correct. A. I have Needsome “for” inwork front for of the James noun “James. ” to do. B. Incorrect. I have Need some “for” work in front James of the noun to do. “James. ” C. Incorrect. Both are Try correct. again. Correct. “To visit” is an A. infinitive I’m afraid to visit and infinitives often the follow dentist. the word “afraid. ” Incorrect. “Of visit” is not B. afraid of have visit an. I’m infinitive. Could “afraid theofdentist. visiting” since “visiting” is a gerund. C. Incorrect. Both are Try correct. again. Incorrect. This sentence is A. Mike willingly to an incomplete sentence. It stop for milk. doesn’t have any verb. Correct. “Willing” is the B. adjective Mike is willing to after the “be” verb stop and for we often milk. use infinitives after “willing. ” C. Incorrect. Both are Try correct. again. Click to go to next slide.

Infinitives after Certain Adjectives, Nouns, & Indefinite Pronouns Click on the correct sentence. Incorrect. This sentence is A. It timebecause to leave. incomplete it is missing a verb. Correct. The infinitive after the noun means that it is B. It’s time to leave. necessary for me to leave now or that I should leave now. C. Incorrect. Both are Try correct. again. Correct. A. We Sheoften wasuse an determined infinitive after to study “determined. ” harder. Incorrect. can use the gerund B. I She was “studying, ” but the sentence is determined studying incomplete. “Studying harder” harder. would what? C. Incorrect. Both are Try correct. again. Correct. “To go” is the A. I want everyone infinitive after the indefinite to go to page 21. pronoun “everyone. ” Incorrect. B. I want Need everyone an infinitive go after to“everyone. ” page 21. C. Incorrect. Both are Try correct. again. Click to go to next slide.

“Too” and “Enough” Followed by Infinitives Subject Verb Too + Adjective/ Adverb For + Object Infinitive It is too cold for the boys to go to the beach. He spoke too quickly for me to understand. **Use “too” for a negative meaning. **”Very” means to a great degree.

“Too” and “Enough” Followed by Infinitives Click on the correct sentence. Which is the most Incorrect. This sentence is negative sentence? mostly positive. A. I am very busy. Correct. “Too” means that I can’t too help you. B. I am busy to C. Incorrect. Both are Try correct. again. Correct. A. My. We computer often use an freezes infinitive too after much to get any “determined. ” work done. Incorrect. This sentence is B. “to” Myincomputer missing front of “get” so it doesn’t havemuch an infinitive. freezes too. ALSO, get “too” should be in done. front of the any work adverb “much. ” C. Incorrect. Both are Try correct. again. Correct. “Very much” A. She wanted very explains her strong desire much to play. Incorrect. B. She wanted “Too” should toobe “very” much in this to sentence. play. C. Correct. Both See are other correct. answers. help you. Click to go to next slide.

“Too” and “Enough” Followed by Infinitives Subject Verb Adjective/ Adverb For + + Enough Object Infinitive She is old enough to go. He spoke loudly enough for us to understand. **”Enough” in a positive sentence has a positive meaning – implies there is as much of something as needed. **”Enough” in a negative sentence has a negative meaning – means there is less than necessary or less than wanted. Subject Verb Enough + Noun For + Object Infinitive There isn‘t enough time for them to finish. We have enough money to buy the CDs. **”Enough” usually comes before the noun. However, sometimes in formal English, enough comes after the noun. For example: **There is time enough. (formal) **There is enough time. (informal)

“Too” and “Enough” Followed by Infinitives Click on the correct sentence. Incorrect. The infinitive A. comes She is old“enough” enough after whichto comes drive. after the adjective “old. ” B. She is enough old Incorrect. “Enough” should be after the to adjective drive. “old. ” C. Incorrect. Both are Try correct. again. Incorrect. A. Lincoln This sentence gets is missing enough the “to” time in front play of each “play. ” day. Correct. “Enough” gets comes in B. Lincoln front of the noun “time” and is enough time to play followed by the infinitive “to each day. play. ” C. Incorrect. Both are Try correct. again. Correct. “Enough” is after A. This coffee is not the adjective “warm” and is warm enough to followed by the infinitive “to drink. ” Incorrect. B. This coffee “Enough”isshould not be enough after the warm adjective to “warm. ” drink. C. Incorrect. Both are Try correct. again. Click to go to next slide.

Showing Purpose Infinitives to Show Purpose “in order to” + base verb I am saving to buy a new car. I am saving in order to buy a new car. You should leave your office early to not be late to the meeting. You should leave your office early in order not to be late to the meeting. (formal) You should leave early so you won’t be late. (informal) Infinitives to Show Purpose “for” + object I am saving to buy a new car. I am saving for a new car. Sarah went to the pharmacy to buy some medicine. Sarah went to the pharmacy for some medicine.

Showing Purpose Click on the correct sentence. Both are correct. Infinitives A. I drank a lot of can show purpose and “in coffee in order to” + base verb can stay awake. show purpose. Both are correct. Infinitives B. show I drank a lot can purpose andof “in coffee order to”to+ stay base verb awake. can show purpose. C. Correct. Both See are other correct. answers. A. Correct. Lincoln Themust base verb take his “get”vitamins comes afterin“inorder not to notget to. ” sick. B. Incorrect. Lincoln Thismust sentence take is his missing vitamins, “to” in front so he of will not “get. ” to get sick. C. Incorrect. Both are Try correct. again. Both are correct. “For” A. Henry went to Los shows the purpose of his Angeles for dinner. trip to Los Angeles. B. Both Henry are correct. went“To to buy” Los shows Angeles the purpose to buy of his trip todinner. Los Angeles. C. Correct. Both See are other correct. answers. Click to end show.