Gerundivium et Gerundium Robert Patrick Ph D Parkview
Gerundivium et Gerundium Robert Patrick, Ph. D Parkview High School
-ndus, -nda, -ndum Gerundivium est participium. Est futurum. Est passivum. Vir “senator” vocandus meus pater est. Femina “mater” mox vocanda est uxor mea. Coloni e nave “Mayflower” vocata saxum conspexerunt “Plymouth” vocandum.
Quomodo formatum est? Present stem + ndus, nda, ndum 1. Voca + ndus = vocandus (-are verbs) 2. Doce + ndus = docendus (-ēre verbs) 3. Scrib + endus = scribendus (-ere verbs) 4. Audi + endus = audiendus (io -ere and –ire verbs: capio/capere; venio, venire)
Usus Gerundivi Most common: gerundive + some form of esse = obligation • Medicus vocandus est. • The doctor must be called. • Discipuli magistro docendi sunt. • The students must be taught by the teacher. • Fabula mihi scribenda erat. • The story had to be written by me/I had to write the story. • Res iudici audienda erit. • The case will have to be heard by a judge.
Usus Gerundivi 2 Gerundivum ut adiectivum • Puella invenienda • The girl to be found • Puer spectandus • The boy to be watched • Bellum gerendum • The war to be waged (practice on notes)
Usus Gerundivi 3 Gerundivum in sententia propositi (purpose): Discipuli ad refectorium cucurrerunt. . . The students ran to the cafeteria. . . • ad prandium consumendum • to eat lunch • ad gladiatores videndos • to see the gladiators • ad amicos conveniendos • to meet friends • ad puellas agitandas • to chase girls • ad pueros molestandos • to bother boys (practice on notes)
Quid est gerundium? A gerund is the neuter form of the gerundive used as a noun only in the genitive, dative, accusative and ablative case. Exempli Gratia: Genitive: clamor pugnandi The noise of fighting Dative: Pecunia adest solvendo. Money is here for spending. Accusative: Panem paravi ad gustandum I prepared the bread for enjoying. Ablative: Argumentum carminis est de amando. The theme of the song is about loving. (practice on notes)
Subject please? In Latin, when we want a verbal action to be the subject, we simply use the infinitive which is treated like a neuter, singular noun. Working teaches me patience. Laborare me patientiam docet. Living is good. Vivere est bonum. Sharing with another is a good thing. Partire cum alio est bonum.
Practice Singing is my gift. Cantare est donum meum. Rejecting evil is the good road. Spernere malum est via bona. Grieving is a wound of the soul. Dolere est vulnus animi. Write one of your own.
- Slides: 9