Germany Revision Book 1890 1939 1 Germany before

Germany Revision Book 1890 -1939 1

Germany before WWI What was? Aims of the Kaiser The Kaiser 1. Rival Britain and develop an empire (Weltpolitik) Kaiser’s strengths / advantages The Reichstag 2. Militarism Kaiser’s weaknesses / disadvantages / problems The Chancellor 3. Destiny to rule Prussian militarism 2

Kaiser’s strengths / advantages 1. Control of the army, Reichstag and the Chancellor Kaiser’s weaknesses / disadvantages / problems 1. The rise of democracy and parliamentary government 2. The rise of Socialism and the Social Democrats 2. Industrial growth 3. Social problems created by industrialisation Possible exam question: Q 4 - Describe 2 problems faced by Germany before 1914 (4) 3

How does the Kaiser try to achieve his aims? Aim 1 - Rival Britain and develop an empire (Weltpolitik) 1. Aim 2 – Control Germany - Social reforms The Navy Laws – What were they? - Dismiss socialists 2. The Navy Laws – why did people oppose them? Q 5 – In what ways were the lives of German people affected by the policies of the Kaiser? (8 marks) 4

Impact of WWI Economic Problems Mutinies in the army The end of the monarchy and a new democracy The Stab in the Back myth Possible exam question - In what ways were the lives of German people affected by the end of WWI? (8 marks) 5

Impact of the Treaty of Versailles – LAMB Land Army Blame Money Possible exam question – Describe two problems created for Germany by the Treaty of Versailles ( 4 marks) 6

The Weimar Constitution Strengths Weaknesses

Political violence 1919 -1923 – What happened? Spartacist Revolt Kapp Putsch The Munich Putsch What happened? + Who were the Freikorps? What happened? Why did it fail?

Occupation of the Ruhr and Hyperinflation 1923 – Exam Q - In what ways were the lives of German people affected by hyperinflation What is hyperinflation? Write a definition What were reparations? Why did the French invade the Ruhr and when did it happen? The response of the German government What was passive resistance? Why did the German government print money? What groups of people suffered negative effects What sorts of people suffered positive effects Explain why

How golden were the ‘Golden Years’ 1924 -1929? – Exam Q – Which of the following were more important in Germany’s recovery in the 1920 s Golden Years Dancing on a Volcano? How Germany’s position improved between 1924 -29? Foreign Affairs Locarno 1925 Underlying problems in Germany’s position 1924 -29 Reparations - League of Nations 1926 Kellogg Briand Pact 1928 - Economics Rentenmark 1923 – US Loans - Dawes Plan 1924 – Young Plan 1929 - Politics Culture and the Arts Political positives - Art Political problems - Cultural negatives - Cinema Architecture 10

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Why did the Nazis become popular I ? – The impact of the depression Economic Impact Germany has to pay back its loans Businesses close Social impact Political impact Unemployment goes up. People vote for extremist parties Homelessness goes up Seats in the Reichstag for the Nazis: 1928 1930 – July 1932 - Exam Q - In what ways were the lives of German people affected by the depression (8 marks)

Why did the Nazis become popular II ? – Hitler and the SA The role of Hitler The role of the SA Exam Q - Which of the following was the more important reason why Hitler came to power in Germany – the depression – the SA. (12 marks)

Why did Hitler become Chancellor? – The role of Hindenburg and Von Papen June 1928 Jan 1933 The role of Hindenburg The role of Von Papen

How did Hitler establish a dictatorship 1933 – 34? What happened? Explain how it increased the power of Hitler and reduced the power of opponents. Reichstag Fire Enabling Act Banning of other political parties and trade unions Night of the Long Knives Death of Hindenburg and Oath of loyalty to Hitler by the army Which of the following was the more important reason why Hitler created a dictatorship – the Reichstag Fire – the Night of the Long Knives. (12 marks) 15

What were Nazi economic policies? In what ways were the lives of German people affected by Nazi Economic Policies (8 marks) 1933 – 36 1936 – 1940 Rearmament and Get rid of unemployment self-sufficiency National Labour Service (RAD) The 4 Year Plan Public Works programmes 1940 – 1945 – Rationing and Total War Rationing Self Sufficiency Total War Employment Rearmament

Was there an economic miracle? – Potential exam Q – Which interpretation do you find more convincing about the impact of Nazi economic policies (8 marks) Positives for German people – lives improved Negatives for German people – lives got worse

Exam Q – Describe 2 problems faced by Germany during WWII bombing labour shortages What was the impact of WWII rationing refugees 18

What were Nazi policies to women ? Exam Q - In what ways were the lives of German women affected by Nazi policies (8 marks) What did the Nazis believe about women? What were Nazi policies to women? Evidence Nazi policies towards women were successful Evidence Nazi policies towards women were a failure The DFW Marriage Loans Medals Propaganda 19

What were Nazi policies towards young people? Youth movements – boys Youth movements – girls Education Evidence Nazi policies towards women were a success Evidence Nazi policies towards young people were a failure 20 Potential exam question - In what ways were the lives of Young People affected by Nazi policies (8 marks)

How did the Nazis control Germany? 1. Terror SS and Himmler SD Gestapo Concentration Camps Legal system, judges and law courts Potential exam question Which of the following was the more important reason why Hitler created a dictatorship – Terror and violence – Propaganda. (12 marks) 21

How did the Nazis control Germany? 2. Propaganda Goebbels Censorship Use of media eg radio Rallies Sport (including Berlin Olympics) Art, architecture, literature and film 22

How did the Nazis control Germany 2. The Church Catholic Church Policies Concordat The Pope’s actions – Catholic Youth Groups Protestant Church Policies Evidence of failure The Reich Church The actions of priests - Evidence of failure The Confessional Church – Numbers of churches in the Reich Church and Confessional Church? 23

How effectively was opposition dealt with? Exam Q - Which interpretation do you find more convincing about opposition to the Nazis? (8 marks) Opposition 1933 – 39 Edelweiss Pirates Opposition 1940 – 45 The White Rose Group Edelweiss Pirates and Swing Youth The July Bomb Plot How were they dealt with? How effectively were they dealt with? 24

Persecution of Minorities Explain Nazi policies towards the following: Slavs Gypsies Homosexuals People with disabilities Potential exam Q - In what ways were the lives of gypsies / Slavs / people with disabilities etc affected by Nazi policies (8 marks)

Persecution of Jews Discrimination 1933 – 38 Kristallnacht The Final Solution Potential exam Q - In what ways were the lives of Jews affected by Nazi policies (8 marks)