German and Italian Unification These two areas Germany

German and Italian Unification These two areas, Germany and Italy, will become unified nations for similar and different reasons. Let’s look briefly at them, side by side, and see the similarities between them.

German and Italian Unification n Italian States n n Piedmont Sardinia: Greatest State Dynamic Leader: n n n Cavour: Like a Prime Minister Runs the show Victor Emmanuel: Like a King of Sardinia Mazzini/Garibaldi- Both want a Republic, Cavour does not.

German and Italian Unification German States n Issues: n n n Prussia seeks a common German State They will lead, others have to follow Has to deal with liberals who do not want $ spent on the military Austria, another German State, is nearly as strong as Prussia

German and Italian Unification Italian States n Issues: n n n Have never been unified since the fall of Rome Have separate Agendas n n n North = Industry South = Agriculture Have a strong foreign presence in their area n n Austria France

German and Italian Unification German States n Who wants what? n n n Bismarck – wants to increase the size of Prussia If it means a unified Germany, so be it He is a Prussian before he is a German William I – is willing to let Bismarck Run the show

German and Italian Unification Italian States n Who wants what? n n Cavour – feels that a strong, industrial Piedmont will lead the rest of the States. $ = Power = unification Mazzini and Cavour want unification based on political ideology: A Republic Victor Emmanuel - is willing to let Cavour run the show

German and Italian Unification German States n Obstacles to Unification n n Austria- they are a powerful “German State” with a different agenda than Prussia France: they control land that used to belong to Prussia Political Differences- Between Bismarck and the wealthy classes (over $ for war)

German and Italian Unification Italian States n Obstacles to Unification n n Austria – They control/manage Piedmont France – They control parts of the Center of Italy Political Differences – Between Cavour, who has no problem having a King as long as Italy is unified, and Garibaldi, who wants Italy to be a Republic.

German and Italian Unification n German States n n Prussia: Greatest State Dynamic Leader n n Bismarck: Like a Prime Minister. Runs the show William I: King of Prussia

German and Italian Unification n n n German States Steps to Unification Bismarck raises $ for the Military Allies with Russia to Take back Schleswig and Holstein Provokes Austria to war and crushes them in 7 Weeks War Provokes France and crushes them (revenge for Napoleon) Establishes Germany in 1871

German and Italian Unification Italian States n Steps to Unification n Sardinia Provokes Austria into battle and beats them (with French help) n Garibaldi gathers his army “Red Shirts” in the south, they conquer and move north n Cavour links with Garibaldi, and France is finally is driven from Italy because they were being beaten by Prussia n

German and Italian Unification German States n Results of Unification n n A strong, Industrialized and Militarized Germany Increased Tension between France and Germany The seeds of the Germany we will see in WWI have been sown

German and Italian Unification Italian States n Results of Unification n n Division between North and South Italy Political Unity, but not cultural or social unity The connection, of Unification, between Italy and Germany that will make them allies in WWI & WWII