GERBERA herbras Gerbera jamesonii As Ornamental Plant and
GERBERA = herbras – Gerbera jamesonii - As Ornamental Plant and cut flower Perennial plant , Origin from South Africa famili Compositae STI 06 1
n n Produce divisions and flowering continously everytime from old clump secara bergantian High can reach until 50 cm, root spread (serabut) Single Leaf, roset shape, bercelah tidak rata ditumbuhi bulu, flowering at tip of the stem, long stalk. berbentuk cakram STI 06 2
n n Petal of Flower have similarity with kumpulan pita tersusun rapi membulat Each of stalk, various, red, pink, yellow, krem dan orange STI 06 3
There are 3 structure petal of Gerbera flower: n Single : petal of flower – only 1 layer, usually single ( white, red and yellow ) n Double : petal of flower consist of 2 layer various flower, more than 1 colour. n Triple : petal of flower consist of 3 layer the colour more than. STI 206 colour. 4
Growth Requirement n n n Vegetatif – Generatif growth optimal in the altitude of 600 – 1400 m dpl Full intensity of light, temperature 21 – 27 0 C, minimum 160 C Fertile soil, rich organic material, have good aeration and porous. p. H 5. 5 – 6, soil must have good Water Holding Capacity Add gambut atau pukan yang telah terdekomposisi STI 06 5
Cultivation of Plant n n n n n Seed and Propagation of Plant Field Cultivation Plantting Re-planting Watering Weeding dan penggemburan Defoliation Fertilizing Handling of Pest and Disease Harvest and Post Harvest STI 06 6
Seed and Propagation of Plant n n n Seedling should be have same size agar tumbuh serempak Free from pest and disease , Provided with prosperous enough Seedling from tissue culture Commercial for breeder from Holland Florist de Kwakel BV, Presman Gerbera BV, Piet Schreurs de Kwakel BV Generatif propagation for pot plant or vegetatif with splitting / divisions or cut rimpang divisions from mother plant that healthy and the age up to 1, 5 years The young divisions not produce generatif shoot yet. STI 06 7
n n n Washing and clean up with leave it 2 -3 leaf Pulse and place for few minute in Benlate 0. 5 g/l or Previcur 1 cc/l for 15 minute For stimulate the root used Rootone F ( Plant Growth Regulator + fungicide ) STI 06 8
n n n Planting to the row, with mix media Soil : pukan = 2 : 1 with plant spacing 5 x 5 cm (for smaller varieties) and 7 x 7 cm ( for bigger varieties ) Drench 1 – 2 / day see the weather condition Ready to planting age’s 3 – 4 weeks when have 12 new leaves and root 3 – 5 cm STI 06 9
Cultivation the field n n n Cultivate 2 – 3 weeks before planting cangkul dengan deepth 40 cm until soil structure fertile enough Make row width 1 m heigth 25 cm, and the distance between row 50 cm Add pukan/organic material decomposizied 2 – 3 m 3/100 m 2 – mix until complete 1 weeks before planting + Urea 40 g, TSP 60 g and KCl 75 g per m 2 Soil sterilization with basamid or steaming STI 06 10
Planting n n n Palnting with 40 cm between outside of the row and 30 inside row Plant hole : 1 cangkulan Planting all of root leher akar tertimbun tanah, jangan ada akar yang terlipat atau diluruskan ke bawah tetapi dihamparkan horisontal didasar lubang early morning or afternoon drench / watering it. STI 06 11
n n n Replanting not more than 30 days in the morning or afternoon. Watering Normal condition : require 6 liter/hr/m 2 Before the initiation of flowering can applied overhead sprinkler, after that can use drip irigation STI 06 12
Weeding dan penggemburan n Weeding to reduce the competition between plant and weed. Penggemburan to increase the soil porosity to make better aerase & drainase. Weeding and penggemburan biasanya do it all together dengan pembubunan to make main stalk in surface of soil. STI 06 13
Defoliation n n Put off dried leaf and dried flower, wilted or infected pest and disease Do it together with penjarangan rumpun. Crowded clump invite the pest and disease flower has decreasing quality smaller stem and size of flower smaller too. STI 06 14
Fertilizing n n n Organic gertilizer –pukan ayam before basic fertilizer reapplied every each years : 1 – 2 kg/m 2 Plant that age : 1 – 2 month after planting 200 g Urea, 100 g KNO 3 dissolved with 100 l air with application 3 liter/m 2 – watering the row once a week. After the age 2 month more 10 – 5 g NPK 15: 15 per plant and 7 gram Mg. SO 4 / m 2 sowing surrounded the plant application 1 years once time Foliage fertilizer and Plant Growth Regulator (ZPT) 10 lliter foliage fertilizer/m 2 Green Vitabloom (30 -10 -10) and yellow 5 -50 -17 with consentration 3 g / liter every weeks, need rotation Atonik 1 cc/10 l water applied together with vitabloom, to stimulate root and leave growth. STI 06 15
n n n Handling Pest and Disease Tungau, kumbang, ulat, kutu daun, , thrips, belalang, siput Penyakit Bercak daun Coreospora, kapang kelabu, tepung STI 06 16
STI 06 17
Harvest and Post Harvest n n 1 st flower and 2 nd flower (3 – 5 month after planting ) put off because < standar, more than 6 month better quality ¾ rise and open up – ready to harvest and have 1 – 2 lingkar cincin benang sari Harvest with hand, the method : Panen dengan tangan dengan cara memutar dan pull off – pulse into the water and placed in the shade place. Per clump produce 5 – 15 kuntum/ years or 35 – 105 kuntum per m 2 STI 06 18
Harvest : n n Sortiage < 40 cm pull off > 40 cm good flower, free from pest and disease, fresh and each of flower wraped by paper berbentuk kerucut, ikat per 10 tangkai – wraped paper. For delivery outside city and export packing in special kardus ditata mendatar dan rtangkai sejajar, tangkai diberi tabung plastik yang berisi air STI 06 19
STI 06 20
- Slides: 20